Theoretical and Empirical Investigations of the Dynamics of Homophily and its Impact on Students' Achievement, Decisions, and Well-Being

同质动态及其对学生成绩、决策和幸福感影响的理论和实证研究

• 批准号: 2018554
• 负责人: Matthew Jackson
• 金额: $ 39.38万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2018554&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Theoretical; Empirical; Investigations; Dynamics; Homophily

People are more likely to interact with individuals like themselves. One word to describe this is ‘homophily’; when this is the case, people have biased social connections. This homophily affects people’s sources of information, opportunities, behaviors, and support. As a result, homophily may have important social effects. This project will use game theory and data analysis to study homophily and its consequences. The data portion will track the evolution of social connections over time, primarily in school settings. The project will examine (i) how homophily evolves and changes as students spend more time in a given setting and (ii) trace the impact of that homophily on students’ psychological well-being, achievements, and decisions about course selection and fields of study. The team will also use mathematical techniques to build modes of (i) how friendships and homophily patterns evolve over time and (ii) models of how homophily and social learning help and hinder people in learning about the potential benefits of specific decisions. The results will help us learn how social interactions aid and hinder both students and the broader society.The project will provide new data, facts, models, and understandings of the dynamic evolution of homophily, how it differs across traits, and how it depends on traits such as risk aversion and empathy. This includes work on how friendship and study partner networks evolve among students. The team plans to test causal hypotheses using data on student interaction patterns, perceived well-being, stress levels, and academic achievement. The new theory will focus on network formation and the evolution of homophily over time. The first new model will differentiate between characteristics that are easily observed by agents, such as gender and ethnicity, and other that take repeated interactions to observe, such as specific personality characteristics. The second model will example the impact of homophily. It will consider how people make decisions based on information that they learn from friends’ experiences. The team wants to determine whether and how homophily exacerbates herding behavior, whether herding behavior can differ across groups, and whether groups can crowd each other out. Additional work will focus on how the efficiency and diversity of choices made by individuals depends on the level of homophily, the diversity of a group’s aptitudes across actions, and the riskiness of the various actions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人们更有可能与像自己一样的人互动。在这种情况下，这种同质性会影响人们的信息来源、机会、行为和支持。结果，同质性可能会产生重要的社会影响。该项目将使用博弈论和数据分析来研究同质性及其后果，该项目将主要研究（i）。同质性如何演变以及随着学生在特定环境中花费更多时间而发生的变化，以及（ii）追踪这种同质性对学生心理健康、成就以及课程选择和学习领域决策的影响。该团队还将使用数学技术来构建。 （i）友谊和同质性模式如何随着时间的推移而演变，以及（ii）同质性和社会学习如何帮助和阻碍人们了解特定决策的潜在好处的模型。结果将帮助我们了解社交互动如何帮助和阻碍。学生和更广泛的社会。该项目将提供新的数据、事实、模型和对同质性动态演变的理解，它如何在特征之间有所不同，以及它如何依赖于风险厌恶和同理心等特征，这包括关于学生团队之间的友谊和学习伙伴网络如何演变的研究。计划使用学生互动模式、感知幸福感、压力水平和学业成绩的数据来测试因果假设。新理论将重点关注网络形成和同质性随时间的演变。第一个新模型将区分不同的特征。很容易被代理人观察到，例如性别和种族，以及其他需要反复互动才能观察到的因素，例如特定的个性特征，它将考虑人们如何根据团队想要确定的信息做出决定。同质性是否以及如何恶化羊群行为，群体之间的羊群行为是否会有所不同，以及群体是否会相互排挤。额外的工作将集中于选择的效率和多样性如何取决于同质性水平和个体的多样性。一个群体的才能该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Systemic Risk in Financial Networks: A Survey

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-083120-111540
• 发表时间: 2021-01-01
• 期刊: ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECONOMICS, VOL 13, 2021
• 作者: Jackson, Matthew O.;Pernoud, Agathe
• 通讯作者: Pernoud, Agathe

Centrality measures in networks

• DOI: 10.1007/s00355-023-01456-4
• 发表时间: 2016-08
• 期刊: Social Choice and Welfare
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: Francis Bloch;M. Jackson;Pietro Tebaldi

Interacting regional policies in containing a disease

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021520118
• 发表时间: 2021-05-11
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Chandrasekhar, Arun G.;Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul;Thau, Samuel
• 通讯作者: Thau, Samuel

Social Interactions and Legislative Activity

社会互动和立法活动

• DOI: 10.1093/jeea/jvac051
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of the European Economic Association
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Canen, Nathan;Jackson, Matthew O.;Trebbi, Francesco
• 通讯作者: Trebbi, Francesco