Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: What Does Innovation Tell Us about Market Concentration?

经济学博士论文研究：关于市场集中度，创新告诉我们什么？

• 批准号: 2018048
• 负责人: Mark Bils
• 金额: $ 5.21万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2018048&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Economics; What

AbstractThis project explores the role of firm innovation in explaining the recent trend of increasing market concentration in the U.S. economy. It measures innovation input and output at the firm-level using research and development (R&D) surveys together with data on production-side activities. Using this detailed data, the project documents the concentration of innovation activity and its evolution over time, where the concentration innovation is measured as the relation between firm size and R&D inputs and research productivity. The project further investigates the impact of innovation concentration on the aggregate economy by distinguishing between two types of innovation---internal and external innovation. The former measures firms’ quality improvements of their own products, and the latter measures firms’ attempts to gain market share from other firms’ product lines. The project then studies the impact of innovation concentration on aggregate growth and social welfare for each type of innovation through the lens of an R&D-based growth model. The project measures firm-level R&D productivity by the input-output ratio for each type of innovation. To distinguish between internal and external innovation, the project leverages unique information on product innovation from the R&D surveys together with data on product-level sales. Innovation concentration is then estimated by projecting R&D variables on measures of firm size while controlling for firm characteristics. The measured patterns of firm-level innovation are used to differentiate between competing R&D based theories of rising market concentration. The project further estimates the impact of currently experienced concentration on aggregate growth and welfare.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

摘要该项目探讨了企业创新在解释美国经济市场集中度不断提高的趋势方面的作用，它利用研发 (R&D) 调查以及生产方面的活动数据来衡量企业层面的创新投入和产出。利用这些详细数据，该项目记录了创新活动的集中度及其随时间的演变，其中创新集中度被衡量为公司规模与研发投入和研究生产力之间的关系，该项目进一步研究了创新集中度对总体的影响。区分两者的经济创新类型——内部创新和外部创新。前者衡量企业自身产品质量的改进，后者衡量企业从其他企业产品线中获取市场份额的尝试。该项目随后研究了创新集中度的影响。该项目通过基于研发的增长模型衡量企业层面的研发生产力，以区分内部创新和外部创新。该项目利用了研发部门关于产品创新的独特信息然后，通过根据企业规模衡量的研发变量来估计创新集中度，同时控制企业层面的创新模式，以区分基于新兴市场理论的竞争性研发。该项目进一步估计了当前经历的集中对总体增长和福利的影响。这反映了奖项的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。