Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: What Does Innovation Tell Us about Market Concentration?

经济学博士论文研究：关于市场集中度，创新告诉我们什么？

• 批准号: 2018048
• 负责人: Mark Bils
• 金额: $ 5.21万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2018048&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Economics; What

AbstractThis project explores the role of firm innovation in explaining the recent trend of increasing market concentration in the U.S. economy. It measures innovation input and output at the firm-level using research and development (R&D) surveys together with data on production-side activities. Using this detailed data, the project documents the concentration of innovation activity and its evolution over time, where the concentration innovation is measured as the relation between firm size and R&D inputs and research productivity. The project further investigates the impact of innovation concentration on the aggregate economy by distinguishing between two types of innovation---internal and external innovation. The former measures firms’ quality improvements of their own products, and the latter measures firms’ attempts to gain market share from other firms’ product lines. The project then studies the impact of innovation concentration on aggregate growth and social welfare for each type of innovation through the lens of an R&D-based growth model. The project measures firm-level R&D productivity by the input-output ratio for each type of innovation. To distinguish between internal and external innovation, the project leverages unique information on product innovation from the R&D surveys together with data on product-level sales. Innovation concentration is then estimated by projecting R&D variables on measures of firm size while controlling for firm characteristics. The measured patterns of firm-level innovation are used to differentiate between competing R&D based theories of rising market concentration. The project further estimates the impact of currently experienced concentration on aggregate growth and welfare.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

摘要该项目探讨了农场创新在解释美国经济市场集中度增加的最新趋势中的作用。它使用研发（R＆D）调查以及有关生产方活动的数据来衡量公司级别的创新输入和产出。使用这些详细数据，该项目记录了创新活动的集中度及其演变，其中浓度创新是作为公司规模与研发输入与研究生产率之间的关系衡量的。该项目通过区分两种类型的创新 - - 内部和外部创新，进一步研究了创新集中度对总经理的影响。前者衡量公司对自己产品的质量改进，后来的衡量公司试图从其他公司的产品线中获得市场份额。然后，该项目通过基于R＆D的增长模型的镜头研究创新集中度对每种创新的总体增长和社会福利的影响。该项目通过每种创新类型的投入输出比来衡量公司级研发的生产率。为了区分内部和外部创新，该项目利用了R＆D调查以及产品水平销售的数据来利用有关产品创新的独特信息。然后，通过在控制企业特征的同时对企业规模的测量结果进行研发变​​量来估算创新浓度。测得的公司级创新模式用于区分基于竞争的研发基于市场集中的理论。该项目进一步估算了当前经验丰富对总体增长和福利的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准，被视为通过评估而被视为珍贵的支持。