Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: The Importance of Relocations in U.S. Manufacturing

经济学博士论文研究：美国制造业搬迁的重要性

• 批准号: 0136927
• 负责人: Mark Bils
• 金额: $ 1.77万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-02-15 至 2003-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0136927&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Economics; Importance

Firms move operations to locations that are more favorable for their business. Competition among state and local governments to lure businesses has attracted considerable interest from economists, as well as legislators and policy makers, regarding issues influencing relocation of firms' manufacturing activities. Only a few studies have looked at how manufacturing firms geographically locate their production, and most of them have looked at small samples from manufacturing or small geographic regions. For an initial study, this dissertation research summarizes the patterns of plant relocation and the post-move performance of relocated plants in the U.S. manufacturing industries over the period 1972-1992 using non-publicly available plant and firm level data from the Longitudinal Research Database (LRD) or the Census of Manufactures (CM). Focusing on an individual firm's decision to relocate, this research tabulates and analyzes information on the relocation of firm's manufacturing activities in the following three subprojects. First, the research assesses the relative importance of the relocation across industries and regions by constructing industry level measures of entry, relocation, and exit. The study examines if relocation shows different patterns in plant openings and closings compared to de novo entry and permanent exit. Second, the research studies the characteristics of relocated plants and the decision to relocate. To analyze characteristics of individual firms' geographic shifts of production process, the research focuses on new production facilities for existing firms to produce a product in a new location. Estimation based on econometric models will demonstrate how taxes, unionization, factor prices, ownership, and other geographic and plant specific characteristics affect the relocation decision. Third, the research investigates the impact of geographic shifts on the firms by comparing the growth rates of output and productivity for newly relocated plants to those for existing plants in the original location. The inverse growth-age relation suggested by Jovanovic's (1982) firm-learning model is tested for relocating plants to examine whether the inverse growth-age relation observed among young firms holds also for the relocating plants that start over in a new space.

公司将业务转移到对其业务更有利的地点。 州和地方政府之间吸引企业的竞争引起了经济学家、立法者和政策制定者对影响企业制造活动搬迁问题的极大兴趣。 只有少数研究着眼于制造企业如何在地理上定位其生产，而且大多数研究都着眼于来自制造业或小地理区域的小样本。 作为初步研究，本论文研究总结了 1972 年至 1992 年期间美国制造业的工厂搬迁模式和搬迁后工厂的绩效，使用来自纵向研究数据库的非公开工厂和公司级数据（ LRD）或制造业普查（CM）。 本研究针对单个企业的搬迁决定，对以下三个子项目中企业制造活动搬迁的信息进行了表格和分析。 首先，研究通过构建行业层面的进入、搬迁和退出衡量指标，评估了跨行业和跨地区搬迁的相对重要性。 该研究调查了与从头进入和永久退出相比，搬迁在工厂开业和关闭方面是否表现出不同的模式。其次，研究了搬迁工厂的特点和搬迁决策。 为了分析各个企业生产过程地理转移的特征，本研究重点关注现有企业在新地点生产产品的新生产设施。 基于计量经济模型的估算将证明税收、工会、要素价格、所有权以及其他地理和工厂特定特征如何影响搬迁决策。 第三，该研究通过比较新搬迁工厂与原地现有工厂的产量和生产率增长率，调查了地理变化对企业的影响。 Jovanovic (1982) 的企业学习模型提出的逆生长-年龄关系在工厂搬迁中进行了测试，以检验在年轻企业中观察到的逆生长-年龄关系是否也适用于在新空间重新开始的搬迁工厂。