Collaborative Research: Snapshots from the ancient Indo-Pacific: remarkable Eocene fish faunas and their Implications for the origin of a modern marine biodiversity hotspot

合作研究：古代印度洋-太平洋的快照：非凡的始新世鱼类区系及其对现代海洋生物多样性热点起源的影响

• 批准号: 2017822
• 负责人: Matthew Friedman
• 金额: $ 34.69万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2017822&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Snapshots; ancient; Indo

Some regions of the world are home to a greater variety of species than others. How these so-called biodiversity hotspots arise and change over time is an important question, especially as these areas are under pressure from human activities. The major marine hotspot lies in the Indo-West Pacific region, and is home to the greatest diversity of fishes anywhere on the planet. The sparse fossil record of fishes in the region, however, has been an obstacle to understanding the origin of this remarkably diverse modern fauna. This project will focus on three distinct assemblages of marine fish fossils from Pakistan that begin to fill this gap. Between 48 and 43 million years old, these fossils date to a time when Indo-Pakistan was a large island in what would become the Indian Ocean. They provide ‘snapshots’ of fish life in the Old World Tropics and provide important clues into how the modern biodiversity hotspot came to be. This study will provide training for undergraduate, Master’s, and PhD students at two public universities. Results will be published in scientific articles and presented at professional meetings. Outcomes from the project will be shared with the public through a combination of visible preparation labs, events held at museums and other public venues, and an interactive display featuring fossil specimens, touchable casts, and life reconstructions of fossil fishes.The fossils examined are from two marine Eocene formations in Pakistan, representing three distinct environments. Specimens will be prepared using chemical approaches, mechanical techniques, micro-CT scanning, or radiography, depending on their mode of preservation. Taxonomic identifications will be made through comparison with skeletal preparations of modern and fossil specimens. We will quantify the similarity of the Eocene assemblages from Pakistan to modern and ancient marine fish faunas to test hypotheses of a shifting marine biodiversity hotspot proposed on the basis of other taxonomic groups. A select number of specimens will be subject to detailed anatomical and phylogenetic analysis incorporating morphological, molecular, and stratigraphic data. Resulting phylogenies will be used to test hypotheses about the timing of trophic and ecological innovation apparent among some early Paleogene teleostean fishes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

与其他地区相比，世界上某些地区拥有更多种类的物种。这些所谓的生物多样性热点如何出现和随着时间的变化是一个重要的问题，尤其是因为这些领域受到人类活动的压力。主要的海洋热点位于印度太平洋地区，并且是地球上任何地方的鱼类多样性的家园。然而，该地区鱼类的稀疏化石记录一直是了解这种非常重要的现代动物动物的起源的障碍。该项目将重点放在来自巴基斯坦的三种不同的海洋鱼类化石中，这些集会开始填补这一空白。在48至4300万年的历史中，这些化石的历史可以追溯到印度 - 巴基斯坦成为印度洋的大岛。他们提供了旧世界热带地区鱼类生活的“快照”，并为现代生物多样性热点的发展提供了重要的线索。研究将为两所公立大学的本科，硕士和博士生提供培训。结果将在科学文章中发表，并在专业会议上发表。该项目的结果将通过可见的准备实验室，博物馆和其他公共场所举行的活动以及具有化石标本，可接触性的铸件和化石鱼类的生活重建的互动式展示的结合，与公众共享。所检查的化石是来自Pakistan中的两个海洋生物构造的化石。标本将根据其制备方式，使用化学方法，机械技术，微CT扫描或放射线图制备。分类学标识将与现代和化石标本的骨骼制剂进行比较。我们将量化从巴基斯坦到现代和古老的海洋鱼动物区系的始新世集的相似性，以测试根据其他分类群体提出的不断变化的海洋生物多样性热点的假设。精选的标本将受到详细的解剖学和系统发明分析，其中包含形态学，分子和地层数据。最终的系统发育将用于检验关于一些早期古近纪蛋白鱼类鱼类中营养和生态创新时间的假设。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子和广泛的影响审查标准来评估NSF的法定任务。

项目成果

Prolonged morphological expansion of spiny-rayed fishes following the end-Cretaceous

• DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01801-3
• 发表时间: 2022-07-14
• 期刊: NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 16.8
• 作者: Ghezelayagh, Ava;Harrington, Richard C.;Near, Thomas J.
• 通讯作者: Near, Thomas J.