Collaborative Research: Frameworks: Community-Based Weather and Climate Simulation With a Global Storm-Resolving Model

合作研究：框架：基于社区的天气和气候模拟以及全球风暴解决模型

• 批准号: 2005137
• 负责人: David Randall
• 金额: $ 278.92万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2005137&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Frameworks; Community; Based

Global Earth System Models (ESMs) use mathematical equations to simulate both weather and climate. ESMs include the dynamics of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, ice, and vegetation. They can be used to make predictions of use to the public and policymakers. Today’s ESMs use coarse grids with cells about 100 km wide. Important weather systems like thunderstorms are too small to be simulated with such grids. One way to improve ESMs is to use finer grids that can directly simulate thunderstorms, but such models can only be run on very powerful computers. This project, called EarthWorks, will create an ESM capable of resolving storms by taking advantage of recent developments in high performance computing. EarthWorks will also use artificial intelligence to improve and speed up the model, and state-of-the-art methods to limit the amount of data produced as the model runs. The EarthWorks ESM will be built by spinning off and modifying a copy of the most recent version of the widely used Community Earth System Model. The modified model will represent the atmosphere, the oceans, and the land surface on a single very high-resolution grid, with grid cells about 4 km wide. It will have improved forecast skill, and produce more realistic simulations of past, present, and future climates. The project will make the model and its output openly available for use by all scientists.The open-source Community Earth System Model (CESM) is both developed and applied to scientific problems by a large community of researchers. It is critical infrastructure for the U.S. climate research community. In the atmosphere and ocean components of the CESM, the adiabatic terms of the partial differential equations that express conservation of mass, momentum, and thermodynamic energy are solved numerically using what is called a dynamical core. Atmosphere and ocean models also include parametric representations, called parameterizations, that are designed to include the effects of storm and cloud processes that occur on scales too small to be represented on the model's grid. Despite decades of work by many scientists, today's parameterizations are still problematic and limit the utility of ESMs for many applications of societal relevance. Fortunately, recent advances in computer power have made it possible to parameterize less, by using grid spacings on the order of a few kilometers over the entire globe. These "global storm-resolving models" (GSRMs) can only be run on today's fastest computers. GSRMs are under very active development at a dozen or so modeling centers around the world. Unfortunately, however, the current formulation of the CESM prevents it from being run as a GSRM. This project, called EarthWorks, will create a new, openly available GSRM by spinning off and intensively modifying a copy of the CESM. To accomplish this goal, the researchers will use recently developed and closely related dynamical cores for the atmosphere and ocean. All components of the model will use the same very high-resolution grid. This high resolution will make it possible to eliminate the particularly troublesome parameterization of deep cumulus convection (i.e., thunderstorms), and thereby reduce systematic biases that plague current ESMs. Earthworks will exploit the pre-exascale and exascale technologies now being brought to market by high performance computing vendors. The new exascale ESM will run the most computationally intensive components on powerful graphics processor units (GPUs), and exploit node-level task parallelism to execute the rest of the model asynchronously. The component model codes are close to completion and are currently being tested on GPUs. EarthWorks will use a simplified component-coupling approach, incorporate machine learning where feasible, and leverage lossy compression techniques and parallel I/O tools to deal with the enormous data volumes that will be generated as the model runs. The completed model will be simple, powerful, and well documented. The project will apply it to pressing scientific problems in both numerical weather prediction and climate simulation. The model and its input datasets will be made openly available to the broad research community, via GitHub.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

全球地球系统模型（ESMS）使用数学方程式来模拟天气和气候。 ESM包括大气，海洋，陆地，冰和植被的动力学。它们可用于对公共和决策者的使用预测。当今的ESM使用大约100公里宽的细胞的粗网格。诸如雷暴之类的重要天气系统太小，无法使用此类网格进行模拟。改善ESM的一种方法是使用可以直接模拟雷暴的细网格，但是此类模型只能在非常强大的计算机上运行。该项目称为Earthworks，将通过利用高性能计算的最新发展来创建一个能够解决风暴的ESM。 Earthworks还将使用人工智能来改进和加快模型，以及最先进的方法，以限制模型运行时产生的数据量。将通过旋转并修改广泛使用社区地球系统模型的最新版本的副本来构建ESWORKS ESM。修改的模型将在一个非常高分辨率的网格上代表大气，海洋和土地表面，网格电池宽约4 km。它将提高预测技能，并对过去，现在和未来的气候产生更现实的模拟。该项目将使所有科学家公开使用该模型及其输出。开源社区地球系统模型（CESM）既开发并被大型研究人员社区应用于科学问题。对于美国气候研究界来说，这是关键的基础设施。在CESM的大气和海洋成分中，使用所谓的动态核心分别解决了表达质量，动量和热力学能量的偏微分方程的绝热项。大气和海洋模型还包括称为参数的参数表示，旨在包括在太小的尺度上发生的暴风雨和云过程的影响，无法在模型的网格上表示。尽管许多科学家进行了数十年的工作，但当今的参数仍然是有问题的，并限制了ESM在许多社会相关性应用程序中的效用。幸运的是，通过在当今最快的计算机上使用这些“全局暴风雨模型”（GSRMS）上的网格间距（GSRMS），计算机功率的最新进展使得能够更少的参数化参数化。在世界各地的十几个建模中心，GSRM处于非常积极的发展。但是，不幸的是，CESM的当前公式可以防止其作为GSRM运行。该项目称为Earthworks，将通过旋转并深入修改CESM的副本来创建一个新的，公开的GSRM。为了实现这一目标，研究人员将在大气和海洋中使用最近开发的和密切相关的动态核心。该模型的所有组件将使用相同的高分辨率网格。这种高分辨率将使消除深积云转换（即雷暴）的特别麻烦的参数化，从而减少困扰当前ESMS的系统偏见。 Earthworks将利用高性能计算供应商现在将前外事前和Exascale技术投放到市场上。新的Exascale ESM将在功能强大的图形处理器单元（GPU）上运行最计算的密集型组件，并利用节点级任务并行，以异步执行模型的其余部分。组件模型代码接近完成，目前正在GPU上进行测试。 Earthworks将使用简化的组件耦合方法，在可行的地方结合机器学习，并利用有损耗的压缩技术和并行I/O工具来处理随着模型运行而生成的增强数据量。完整的模型将是简单，功能强大且有据可查的。该项目将其应用于数值天气预测和气候模拟中的科学问题。该模型及其输入数据集将通过GitHub公开向广泛的研究社区公开提供。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准，认为通过评估被认为是珍贵的支持。

项目成果

Simulations With EarthWorks

使用 EarthWorks 进行模拟

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: David Randall;James Hurrell;Donald Dazlich;Lantao Sun;William Skamarock;Andrew Gettelman;Thomas Hauser;Sheri Mickelson;Mariana Vertenstein;Richard Loft
• 通讯作者: Richard Loft

Advancing precipitation prediction using a new-generation storm-resolving model framework – SIMA-MPAS (V1.0): a case study over the western United States

• DOI: 10.5194/gmd-15-8135-2022
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: Geoscientific Model Development
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Xingying Huang;A. Gettelman;W. Skamarock;P. Lauritzen;Miles Curry;A. Herrington;John T. Truesdale;M. Duda

EarthWorks: The Computational Science Challenges of building an end-to- end, GPU-enabled, km-Scale Modeling System

EarthWorks：构建端到端、支持 GPU 的公里级建模系统的计算科学挑战

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: R. Loft;S. Mickelson;T Hauser;M. Duda;D. Dickerson;S. Suresh;J. Clyne;J. Sun;C. Fisher;M. Vertenstein
• 通讯作者: M. Vertenstein

Acceleration of the Parameterization of Unified Microphysics Across Scales (PUMAS) on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) With Directive‐Based Methods

• DOI: 10.1029/2022ms003515
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
• 影响因子: 6.8
• 作者: Jian Sun;J. Dennis;S. Mickelson;B. Vanderwende;A. Gettelman;K. Thayer‐Calder

A Scalable and Efficient Workflow for Compressing High-Resolution Earth System Model Data

用于压缩高分辨率地球系统模型数据的可扩展且高效的工作流程

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: EarthCube Workshop
• 作者: Xu, Haiying;Loft, Richard;Paul, Kevin;Banihirwe, Anderson
• 通讯作者: Banihirwe, Anderson