Collaborative Research: An Experimental and Modeling Study of Inverse-Temperature Layer and Its Effect on Evaporation over Water Surfaces

合作研究：逆温层及其对水面蒸发影响的实验和模型研究

• 批准号: 2003076
• 负责人: Lian Shen
• 金额: $ 29.95万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-15 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2003076&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Experimental; Modeling; Study

Evaporation is a uniquely important process in the Earth System linking water, energy, and carbon cycles. Monitoring and modeling evaporation over water surfaces such as lakes and oceans remains challenging. Better quantification and modeling of water evaporation requires improved understanding of the physical processes across the water-atmosphere interface. An outstanding scientific question is the role of the top water layer where temperature increases with depth, known as the inverse-temperature layer, in evaporation. An interdisciplinary team of hydro-meteorologists and fluid mechanics scientists will use cutting-edge field and numerical experiment technology and various modeling tools to address this question. The outcomes from this project will benefit broad fields of the Earth Sciences, especially the study of water-energy-carbon cycles. This project will train graduate students to gain all-around research experience. The three participating universities will offer mini projects, seminar series, and summer training courses for high school and college students with diverse ethnic backgrounds pursuing science and engineering education.The project objective is to understand the physical mechanisms underlying the dynamics of the inverse-temperature layer on the top of water-bodies and its effect on evaporation over water surfaces at diurnal and seasonal scales through field experiments, large-eddy simulations, and theoretical and modeling analysis. The project will use a state-of-the-science facility over an in-land lake to measure high-resolution water temperature profiles, above- and in-water fluxes of momentum/heat/water mass and hydro-meteorological variables to reveal the behavior of the inverse temperature layer. The project team will conduct large-eddy simulations to understand the mechanistic links between atmospheric processes and in-water fluid dynamics/thermodynamics regulating the inverse temperature layer and evaporation. The team will also use field and simulation data to evaluate the performance of classical and recently developed parameterizations of evaporation in coupled land-ocean-atmosphere models. The findings will be disseminated to scientific communities through journal papers and conference presentations to promote more collaborative research on both long-lasting topics of geosciences and critical emerging issues such as carbon emissions from global inland waters and associated aquatic eco-systems. The proposed work includes engagement of PhD students in research, integration of research findings into undergraduate and graduate courses taught by the PIs, and K-12 outreach.This project is co-funded by the Hydrologic Sciences and Physical and Dynamic Meteorology programs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

蒸发是将水，能量和碳周期连接的地球系统中一个独特的重要过程。湖泊和海洋等水面上的监测和建模蒸发仍然具有挑战性。更好地定量和建模水蒸发需要提高对整个大气界面的物理过程的了解。一个杰出的科学问题是顶部水层的作用，其中温度随深度（称为反温度层）在蒸发中的作用。水电学家和流体力学科学家的跨学科团队将使用尖端领域和数值实验技术以及各种建模工具来解决这个问题。该项目的结果将使地球科学的广阔领域受益，尤其是对水能碳循环的研究。该项目将培训研究生以获得全方位的研究经验。这三个参与的大学将为具有多种种族背景的高中和大学生提供迷你项目，研讨会系列和夏季培训课程，追求科学和工程教育。项目目标是了解逆变层的物理机制，在水上及其对水上的潮流及其对潮流的蒸发效果的影响，通过潮流及其对季节的蒸发效果，建模分析。该项目将在陆上湖上使用最先进的设施，以测量动量/热量/水质量和水电学变量的高分辨率水温剖面，以揭示反向温度层的行为。项目团队将进行大型模拟，以了解大气过程与水中流体动力学/热力学之间的机械联系，从而调节逆温度层和蒸发。该团队还将使用现场和仿真数据来评估耦合的陆地大气模型中经典和最近开发的蒸发参数的性能。这些发现将通过期刊论文和会议演讲将科学社区传播到科学社区，以促进有关地球科学的长期主题和关键新兴问题的更合作研究，例如全球内部水域和相关的水生生态系统的碳排放。拟议的工作包括将博士生参与研究，将研究结果的整合到本科和研究生课程中，以及K-112宣传。该项目由水文科学以及身体和动态的气象学计划共同资助。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估了范围的范围。