Collaborative Research: CHemistry in the Arctic: Clouds, Halogens, and Aerosols (CHACHA)

合作研究：北极化学：云、卤素和气溶胶 (CHACHA)

• 批准号: 2000403
• 负责人: Jose Fuentes
• 金额: $ 31.64万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2000403&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CHemistry; Arctic; Clouds

This project aims to improve understanding of atmospheric chemistry that impacts ozone, particulate matter, and cloud chemical composition in the context of a rapidly changing Arctic. The atmosphere converts pollutants by processing them into water-soluble products that are removed through precipitation (rain or snow) or by deposition onto Earth’s surface. This chemical conversion of pollution happens through a sunlight-driven (photochemical) process known as oxidation. Most of what is known about these atmospheric processes comes from measurements made at the surface in Arctic coastal environments. The CHACHA team plans to use two instrumented aircraft to conduct airborne measurements around the Chukchi Sea, the Beaufort Sea, and the Alaska North Slope region. They plan to target features that are rapidly changing - above and downwind of sea ice "leads" (areas of open water in otherwise sea-ice-covered ocean regions), and downwind of sources of combustion-derived pollutants. Researchers will also use collected data to develop atmospheric models that will be openly available for use by the broader scientific community. The team is composed of researchers at six United States universities (in Alaska, Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York) and will mentor a diverse group of students and postdoctoral scholars. Researchers will also engage in several additional education and outreach activities, including an “aircraft open house” and an annual three-day Science Fair in Utqiaġvik, AK. Overall, this project will enable the United States to better understand how rapid change in the Arctic impacts the chemical composition of the atmosphere and to translate what was learned to other regions - including the atmosphere above the world's oceans and in Earth's upper atmosphere. In addition, this project is co-funded by the Arctic Natural Sciences and Atmospheric Chemistry programs.This project will improve understanding of atmospheric halogen chemistry in the gas, aerosol, and cloud water phases, with a focus on how that chemistry is impacted by Arctic sea ice loss and fossil fuel extraction. The CHACHA team plans to conduct eight weeks of observations during the Arctic spring, when halogen chemistry is most active, using two aircraft: the University of Wyoming King Air and the Purdue University Airborne Laboratory for Atmospheric Research (ALAR). Aircraft will conduct complementary sampling upwind and downwind of leads (sea ice fractures), over snow-covered tundra, and downwind of the North Slope of Alaska oilfields. Sampling will occur at various altitudes from the near-surface through the boundary layer and into the free troposphere. The team will prioritize measurement of various greenhouse gases (including O3, CO2, CH4, H2O), reactive trace gases (including NO2, SO2, N2O5, HO2NO2, bromine- and chlorine-containing gases), aerosol size distributions and composition, cloud residual particle composition, and cloud particle size distributions, as well as atmospheric data. These observations will be interpreted in part using 0-D and 1-D photochemical models and a cloud parcel model, to evaluate and advance understanding of multi-phase reactions and the vertical and horizontal propagation of atmospheric halogen chemistry in the Arctic. This dataset will improve understanding of the impact of the rapidly changing Arctic on halogen chemistry and atmospheric composition, as well as to provide fundamental knowledge of halogen chemistry that can be applied globally through models. The team will mentor students, postdocs, and conduct an array of unique outreach and educational activities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目旨在提高对在快速变化的北极背景下影响臭氧、颗粒物和云化学成分的大气化学的了解。大气将污染物加工成水溶性产物，然后通过降水（雨或雪）去除。 ）或通过沉积到地球表面，这种污染的化学转化是通过称为氧化的阳光驱动（光化学）过程发生的。团队计划他们计划使用两架仪表飞机在楚科奇海、波弗特海和阿拉斯加北坡地区周围进行空中测量，目标是海冰“引导”的上方和顺风处（其他地区的开放水域）。研究人员还将利用收集到的数据开发大气模型，供更广泛的科学界公开使用。该团队由六所美国大学的研究人员组成。 （在阿拉斯加、印第安纳州、密歇根州、宾夕法尼亚州和纽约），并将指导不同群体的学生和博士后学者。研究人员还将参与一些额外的教育和外展活动，包括“飞机开放日”和每年三场的活动。总体而言，该项目将使美国能够更好地了解北极的快速变化如何影响大气的化学成分，并将所学到的知识应用到其他地区——包括世界海洋上方的大气。并且在地球的此外，该项目由北极自然科学和大气化学项目共同资助。该项目将增进对气体、气溶胶和云水相中大气卤素化学的了解，重点是该化学是如何发生的。受北极海冰消失和化石燃料开采的影响，CHACHA 团队计划在北极春季卤素化学最活跃的时期进行八周的观测，使用两架飞机：怀俄明大学国王航空和普渡大学机载实验室。大气研究 (ALAR) 飞机将在冰雪覆盖的苔原上空进行逆风和顺风互补采样，并在阿拉斯加北坡油田的顺风处从近地表到不同高度进行采样。该团队将优先测量各种温室气体（包括 O3、CO2、CH4、H2O）、反应性微量气体（包括 NO2、SO2、 N2O5、HO2NO2、含溴和含氯气体）、气溶胶粒径分布和成分、云残留颗粒成分、云粒径分布以及大气数据将部分使用 0-D 和 1- 解释。 D 光化学模型和云块模型，用于评估和促进对北极大气卤素化学的多相反应和垂直和水平传播的理解。该数据集将增进对北极影响的理解。快速变化的北极卤素化学和大气成分，以及提供可通过模型在全球应用的卤素化学基础知识。该团队将指导学生、博士后，并开展一系列独特的外展和教育活动。该奖项反映了这一点。通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，NSF 的法定使命被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Turbulent transport and reactions of plant-emitted hydrocarbons in an Amazonian rain forest

• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119094
• 发表时间: 2022-04-25
• 期刊: ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Fuentes, Jose D.;Gerken, Tobias;Ruiz-Plancarte, Jesus
• 通讯作者: Ruiz-Plancarte, Jesus

Multiphase Reactive Bromine Chemistry during Late Spring in the Arctic: Measurements of Gases, Particles, and Snow

北极晚春期间的多相活性溴化学：气体、颗粒和雪的测量

• DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00189
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: ACS Earth and Space Chemistry
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Jeong, Daun;McNamara, Stephen M.;Barget, Anna J.;Raso, Angela R.;Upchurch, Lucia M.;Thanekar, Sham;Quinn, Patricia K.;Simpson, William R.;Fuentes, Jose D.;Shepson, Paul B.
• 通讯作者: Shepson, Paul B.