Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Cultural Interaction in Frontier Situations

博士论文进步奖：边疆情境中的文化互动

• 批准号: 1954093
• 负责人: Jennifer Birch
• 金额: $ 3.02万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1954093&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Cultural

Researchers across the social sciences seek to understand how processes of colonialism and world-system expansion helped to create today's increasingly globalized world. Because of its focus on material remains and long-term continuity and change, archaeology is uniquely suited to provide insight into the processes that brought societies with different political, economic, and social systems into contact and the outcomes of those interactions. First contact between Indigenous North Americans and European settlers occurred in the context of this global colonial world, but Indigenous peoples in North America were not simply passive or marginal actors within it. By focusing on the community level, this research emphasizes the decisions and agency of Indigenous people, allowing for variation in Indigenous reactions to colonization beyond simple acceptance or rejection. The social phenomenon explored here also occurred around the world in other colonized areas and along the edges of world-systems, so the conclusions and methods advance understanding of processes which are of broad, global interest. This project advances societal outcomes by training one graduate student in STEM methods (the co-PI), and one undergraduate in archaeological research and data management methods. It involves no excavation and uses data from existing archaeological collections, increasing the value of publicly-held resources while maintaining an ethic of preservation. Many of these collections are held by cultural resource management companies and universities, creating infrastructure for future collaboration between academic and industry researchers.In this project the investigators use radiocarbon dating and analysis of European trade goods (such as metal objects and glass beads) to investigate how three different Indigenous communities participated in world-system expansion. The researchers examine when and how different Indigenous communities in what is today southern Ontario, Canada first interacted with European settlers by asking: Did all Indigenous groups in the study region initially engage with Europeans at the same time? Were they all interacting in the same way and accepting the same kinds of goods? Or did some people avoid, refuse, or delay interaction with Europeans? These research questions will be answered by: (1) Establishing, empirically, when different sites were occupied through Bayesian chronological modeling of high-precision AMS radiocarbon dates, and (2) Establishing the local and regional distribution of objects of European manufacture, including metal tools and glass beads. The radiocarbon dates will establish which sites in each community were being used at the same time, and the trade good distributions will establish how those communities were interacting with European settlers. This project will result in the creation of 57 new AMS radiocarbon dates from Wendat, Tionontate, and Attiwandaron sites dated to ca. AD 1550-1650, as well as the a novel comprehensive database of European-manufactured trade goods on indigenous sites in Ontario and Quebec, Canada.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

社会科学的研究人员试图了解殖民主义和世界系统扩展的过程如何帮助创造当今日益全球化的世界。由于其专注于材料保留以及长期连续性和变化，考古学非常适合洞悉使具有不同政治，经济和社会体系的社会接触的过程以及这些相互作用的结果。土著北美人和欧洲定居者之间的首次接触发生在这个全球殖民世界的背景下，但北美的土著人民不仅是其中的被动或边缘行为者。通过专注于社区层面，这项研究强调了土著人民的决策和代理，从而使土著对殖民化的反应差异，而不是简单的接受或拒绝。这里探索的社会现象也发生在世界各地的其他殖民地地区以及世界系统的边缘，因此结论和方法可以提高人们对广泛，全球利益的过程的理解。该项目通过培训一名STEM方法研究生（CO-PI）和一个考古研究和数据管理方法的本科生来推动社会成果。它不涉及发掘，并使用现有考古收藏中的数据，从而增加了公共资源的价值，同时保持了保存道德。这些收藏中的许多集合由文化资源管理公司和大学持有，为学术研究人员和行业研究人员之间的未来合作创建基础设施。研究人员使用放射性碳约会和欧洲贸易商品（例如金属对象和玻璃珠）的分析来研究如何参与世界体系扩张的三个不同的土著社区。研究人员检查了今天，加拿大安大略省南部的土著社区何时以及如何与欧洲定居者进行互动：研究地区的所有土著群体是否最初同时与欧洲人互动？他们是否都以相同的方式进行互动并接受相同的商品？还是有些人避免，拒绝或延迟与欧洲人的互动？这些研究问题将通过：（1）在经验上通过贝叶斯的年代学建模来确定高精度AMS Radiocarbon的日期以及（2）建立欧洲制造物体物体的局部和区域分布（包括金属工具和玻璃珠）时。放射性碳日期将同时使用每个社区中的哪些站点，贸易良好的分布将确定这些社区如何与欧洲定居者互动。该项目将导致从Wendat，Tionontate和Attiwandaron站点创建57个新的AMS放射性碳。公元1550 - 1650年，以及加拿大安大略省和魁北克省土著地点的欧洲制造商品的新型综合数据库。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来支持的。