Collaborative Research: How do publication and funding filters shape the science that we do, and how we learn from it?

合作研究：出版物和资助过滤器如何塑造我们所做的科学，以及我们如何从中学习？

基本信息

批准号：
1952343
负责人：
Kevin Gross
金额：
$ 7.5万
依托单位：
North Carolina State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1952343&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research How do publication

项目摘要

Science provides an extraordinarily powerful tool for investigating nature, and nature supplies anendless abundance of research topics that are ripe for scientists to investigate. Faced with suchabundance, scientists must regularly choose where to place their efforts: which questions to pursue andwhich to leave for another day, which results to prepare for publication and which to set aside, and soon. When making these decisions, researchers face incentives that scientific funders and scientificjournals create through the peer‐review processes that funders and journals use to ensure quality andrigor in the science they support and publish. Yet we understand very little about how the incentivescreated by peer‐review in scientific funding and publication shape the scientific activity of individualinvestigators, and how those decisions scale up to impact the aggregate knowledge that science creates.In this project, we will develop new mathematical theory to understand how incentives created byscientific funders and journals affect individual scientific activity and the subsequent production ofscientific knowledge. This theory will provide a foundation for evaluating proposed refinements offunding or publication practices, and for understanding whether these changes will nudge the scientificenterprise towards a more reliable and expansive understanding of the natural world.We will focus on two questions. First, how do journals' publication decisions shape the ability of theirreadership to learn from the scientific literature? Second, how do the incentives created by funding andpublication structures motivate scientists to work on certain projects and shy away from others? Foreach question, we will ask how peer‐review filters function differently for basic versus applied research.We will investigate these questions by building and analyzing mathematical models that incorporateelements of information theory, economics, forecasting assessment, and statistics. In the long run, thiswork will deepen our understanding of science as a social process by revealing how scientific institutionsgenerate incentives that shape the direction of scientific inquiry. More immediately, it will provide atheoretical framework to explore how possible changes to the peer‐review process such as registeredreports or pre‐print servers may change scientists' collective process of learning and discovery. Finally,we will develop an online module to help readers become savvier consumers of the scientific literature,and we will share our findings with the editorial board of a leading biological journal.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

科学为研究自然提供了极其强大的工具，而自然也提供了无数可供科学家研究的课题，面对如此丰富的研究课题，科学家必须定期选择将精力投入到何处：哪些问题要研究，哪些问题留给另一个问题。在做出这些决定时，研究人员将面临科学资助者和科学期刊通过资助者和期刊用于确保质量和严谨性的同行评审流程创建的激励措施。科学然而，我们对科学资助和出版中的同行评审如何影响个体研究者的科学活动，以及这些决策如何扩大影响科学创造的总体知识知之甚少。，我们将开发新的数学理论，以了解科学资助者和期刊创造的激励措施如何影响个人科学活动以及随后的科学知识生产。该理论将为评估资助或出版实践的拟议改进以及了解这些变化是否提供基础。将推动我们将重点关注两个问题，第一，期刊的出版决策如何塑造读者从科学文献中学习的能力？第二，资金如何产生激励作用？对于每个问题，我们都会问同行评审过滤器对于基础研究和应用研究的作用有何不同。我们将通过建立和分析包含信息元素的数学模型来研究这些问题。理论、经济学、预测从长远来看，这项工作将通过揭示科学机构如何产生塑造科学探究方向的激励措施来加深我们对科学作为一个社会过程的理解。同行评审过程，例如注册报告或预印本服务器，可能会改变科学家的集体学习和发现过程。最后，我们将开发一个在线模块，帮助读者成为科学文献的精明消费者，我们将与他人分享我们的发现。领先的生物学杂志的编辑委员会该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（1）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Why ex post peer review encourages high-risk research while ex ante review discourages it

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2111615118
发表时间：
2021-12-21
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Gross, Kevin;Bergstrom, Carl T.
通讯作者：
Bergstrom, Carl T.