COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSE LEAF "HAIRSTYLES": INTEGRATIVE QUANTIFICATION OF ANATOMY, FUNCTION, EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY OF TRICHOMES

合作研究：多样化叶子“发型”的至关重要性：毛状体的解剖学、功能、进化和生态学的综合量化

• 批准号: 1950498
• 负责人: Craig Brodersen
• 金额: $ 7.46万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1950498&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; CRITICAL; IMPORTANCE; DIVERSE

Humankind depends on domesticated and wild plants for food, fiber, fuel, and fresh air. Understanding how plants work under current and future climates is therefore critical to human welfare. Plant leaf hairs (trichomes) are among the most complex, ubiquitous, important, and little understood biological traits. Leaf trichomes are present in more than half of plant species, have diverse structure and arrangements, and influence the environmental tolerances and productivity of both crop and non-crop species. The effects of trichomes include reflecting excessive light, preventing accumulation of surface water, reducing infection by pathogens, enhancing water capture from saturated air, reducing water loss to dry air, and fending off herbivores. Yet, leaf trichomes have been studied in detail for very few species, and therefore have been typically ignored in predictions of plant production, evolution and ecology. This study will refine and develop state-of-the-art methods to micro-image trichomes in diverse species, and use experiments and models to determine how their costs and benefits affect whole-plant performance. Additionally, the project team will analyze how trichomes vary across environments and through evolution for species of grapevine, for the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, and for entire floras of California and Hawaii. The project will train graduate students and post-doctoral scientists in state of the art technology and approaches to plant research, and will integrate general education, high school and undergraduate education with public dissemination of research, thereby increasing public awareness and fascination with plant structure and function. Through its collaborative research team, this project applies an innovative synthetic approach combining expertise in mathematics, physics, physiology, ecology and evolution. By integrating greenhouse and lab experimentation with state of the art 3D micro-imaging, herbarium work, experimental measurements, mechanistic and statistical modeling and phylogenetic analyses the research will quantify the anatomical diversity of leaf trichomes, their contributions to light absorption, water relations (wettability and foliar water uptake), gas exchange, and protection from herbivory, and their ecological and evolutionary associations. The first aim of this project is to combine cutting edge micro-visualization, experimentation and modeling to quantify the structure and multiple functions of leaf hairs in diverse species from at least 17 genera of flowering plants. The second aim is to integrate these multiple streams of data on the diversity of leaf trichomes and its influence on five known functions to determine how the net benefits scale up to influence whole plant performance. Third, an even wider perspective is necessary to determine how leaf trichomes evolved with climate within lineages and across floras. The project will leverage available data and herbarium material to focus on test cases of large-scale evolutionary and ecological patterns in leaf trichomes. The project’s Broader Impacts will provide curricula based on novel results via the UCLA Botanical Garden, and online modules including 3D models that can be accessed online and 3D printed. All data will be deposited in a publicly available database.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类依靠食物，纤维，燃料和新鲜空气依靠驯化和野生植物。因此，了解植物在当前和未来的气候下如何工作对人类福利至关重要。植物叶毛（毛状体）是最复杂，无处不在，重要且鲜为人知的生物学特征之一。叶毛状体存在于一半以上的植物物种中，具有潜水员的结构和排列，并影响农作物和非作物物种的环境公差和生产力。毛状体的作用包括反映光线过多，防止地表水的加速，减少病原体的感染，从饱和空气中增强水的捕获，减少水分流失至干燥空气，并消除食草动物。然而，叶毛状体的详细研究很少，因此在植物产量，进化和生态学的预测中通常被忽略。这项研究将完善并开发最先进的方法，以使潜水员物种的微图像毛状体，并使用实验和模型来确定其成本和收益如何影响全工厂的性能。此外，该项目团队将分析毛状体在环境之间以及通过葡萄树，模型物种拟南芥以及加利福尼亚和夏威夷的整个植物群的变化。该项目将以最先进的技术和植物研究的方式培训研究生和博士后科学家，并将通识教育，高中和本科教育与公众传播研究，从而提高公众意识和对植物结构和功能的迷恋。通过其协作研究团队，该项目采用了一种创新的合成方法，结合了数学，物理，生理，生态学和进化方面的专业知识。通过将温室和实验室实验与最先进的3D微型成像，植物标本室的工作，实验测量，机械和统计模型和系统发育分析进行量化，研究将量化叶片毛状体的解剖学多样性，它们对光滥用，水关系，水的关系和叶面水的贡献（润湿性和叶面水交换）的贡献，以及她的良性交换和保护性，以及她的良性和保护性和保护性和保护性和保护性。该项目的第一个目的是结合切削边缘微观化，实验和建模，以量化至少17属开花植物的多样性物种中叶毛的结构和多个功能。第二个目的是整合有关叶片多样性及其对五个已知功能的影响的这些多个数据流，以确定净福利如何扩展到影响整个植物性能。第三，必须更广泛的视角来确定叶片在谱系和跨越植物园内如何随着气候的发展。该项目将利用可用的数据和植物标本室的材料，专注于叶片中大规模进化和生态模式的测试案例。该项目的更广泛的影响将根据UCLA植物园的新成果以及包括可以在线在线访问和3D打印的3D模型的在线模块提供课程。所有数据将存入公开可用的数据库中。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点评估和更广泛的影响标准来支持的。