Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: Spatial Equilibrium and the Value of Public Transit

经济学博士论文研究：空间均衡与公共交通的价值

• 批准号: 1949505
• 负责人: Donald Davis
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949505&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Economics; Spatial

AbstractOne of the important issues in an urbanizing world is understanding how public transportation affects the growth and development of regions. Public infrastructure investments are costly and thus understanding their contribution to regional development is imperative to assess the benefits given the high costs. Since public transportation is not randomly distributed across space, it is challenging to disentangle the amenity value of neighborhoods from that of the transportation network itself. This research considers an unexpected closure of a major transit network due to a hurricane and examines how this closure affected businesses, neighborhoods and commuters by utilizing a detailed dataset. This proposal will highlight the economic forces driving the complex relationship between public transportation and neighborhood dynamics. Thus the research will inform policy makers in what ways infrastructure projects may be funded and how these decisions shape the development of neighborhoods.Finding credible evidence of the value that commuters place on proximity to public transport is of first-order importance in an urbanizing world. This proposal utilizes as an exogenous shock, the unexpected closure of a major transit line for an extended period in a large city due to a hurricane. This closure was expected to cause major disruption to hundreds of thousands of commuters and thousands of businesses in the affected neighborhoods. This project utilizes this large information shock to disentangle the spatial equilibrium of urban networks into their component parts. In order to do this, the project will construct a novel dataset of residential history, detailed housing characteristics and rental price history. The project will explore fundamental questions about the nature of cities and neighborhoods and how the individual choices of consumers when choosing housing endogenously change the urban landscape, including how much, and in what ways, policy makers should fund transportation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

摘要 城市化世界中的一个重要问题是了解公共交通如何影响地区的增长和发展。公共基础设施投资成本高昂，因此鉴于高成本，了解其对区域发展的贡献对于评估收益至关重要。由于公共交通不是随机分布在空间中的，因此将社区的便利价值与交通网络本身的便利价值区分开来是具有挑战性的。这项研究考虑了飓风导致主要交通网络意外关闭的情况，并利用详细的数据集研究了这种关闭对企业、社区和通勤者的影响。该提案将强调推动公共交通与社区动态之间复杂关系的经济力量。因此，这项研究将为政策制定者提供基础设施项目融资方式以及这些决策如何影响社区发展的信息。在城市化世界中，找到通勤者对靠近公共交通的重视程度的可靠证据至关重要。该提案利用了因飓风而导致大城市主要交通线路意外长时间关闭的外生冲击。 此次关闭预计将对受影响社区的数十万通勤者和数千家企业造成重大干扰。该项目利用这种巨大的信息冲击将城市网络的空间平衡分解为其组成部分。为此，该项目将构建一个新颖的居住历史数据集、详细的住房特征和租金价格历史数据。该项目将探讨有关城市和社区性质的基本问题，以及消费者在选择住房时的个人选择如何内生地改变城市景观，包括政策制定者应为交通提供多少资金以及以何种方式提供资金。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，并被认为值得支持。