Collaborative Proposal: RoL: The Scale of Resistance: Landscape to Microbiome-level Processes Regulating Acquired Resistance to Disease

合作提案：RoL：耐药性规模：调节获得性疾病抵抗力的微生物组水平过程的景观

基本信息

批准号：
1947684
负责人：
Douglas Woodhams
金额：
$ 30.89万
依托单位：
University of Massachusetts Boston
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-05-01 至 2024-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1947684&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Proposal RoL Scale Resistance

项目摘要

Understanding how species cope with disease in an era of global change is of fundamental importance to the field of ecology and to the stability of wildlife populations. Anthropogenic deforestation is frequently associated with increases in wildlife disease. These patterns are expected to stem from both landscape-scale processes, such as changes in animal movement and disease transmission, and fine-scale processes, such as changes in the community of microbes that inhabit animal tissues (collectively termed the microbiome), but the interplay between these multi-scale processes is unresolved. This project investigates the relationship between deforestation and the microbiome to explain patterns of disease emergence across a range of disturbed environments, using amphibians of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest as a model system. Work here stands apart from previous studies by integrating landscape-scale and microbe-scale processes into a unified framework that will advance microbial, disease, and global change ecology. This project implements a diversity recruitment program for graduate students with support from the Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation Program at the University of Alabama and other funding sources at the University of Massachusetts-Boston. In partnership with the Alabama Museum of Natural History, portable mini exhibits and school activities w will be manufactured and implemented to narrow the K-12 science education gap in one of the most underserved areas in the nation. It is predicted that these exhibits will reach 66,000 students annually in five county school districts in Alabama.The diverse assemblages of microbes that inhabit vertebrate hosts, collectively termed the microbiome, are vital to animal health. However, links between the host microbiome and emerging wildlife diseases are rarely considered within a landscape ecology framework. Repeated exposure to pathogens may alter community dynamics within the host microbiome and can promote competitive microbial interactions and host responses that may enrich the microbiome with anti-pathogen members. This form of acquired pathogen resistance, termed microbiome memory, may facilitate host recovery and prime the host after subsequent pathogen exposures. Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation notoriously restricts host movement at the landscape scale, which may alter rates of pathogen exposure that are critical for establishing microbiome memory prior to seasonal increases in pathogen pressure. This project will investigate interactive effects of anthropogenic habitat disturbance and host microbiome dynamics as a mechanism to explain observed increases in disease risk in fragmented landscapes, using amphibians of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest as a model system. The selection acting on amphibian skin microbiomes in a survey of three amphibian species with seasonal pathogen dynamics across a gradient of landscape fragmentation will be examined. Also, field experiments will be conducted using microbiome manipulation, host translocation, and radio telemetry to test for mechanisms linking habitat fragmentation, disease, and the host microbiome independently from other components of host immunity. This work will generate a robust dataset integrating landscape ecology with a metacommunity theory of adaptive microbiomes, with novel implications for host resistance to disease and the maintenance and stability of biological diversity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解在全球变化时代，物种如何应对疾病对生态学领域和野生动植物种群的稳定至关重要。人为森林砍伐经常与野生动植物疾病的增加有关。这些模式有望源于这两个景观规模的过程，例如动物运动和疾病传播的变化以及细小的过程，例如影响动物组织的微生物社区的变化（集体称为微生物组），但是这些多规模过程之间的相互作用尚未解决。该项目研究了使用巴西大西洋森林的两栖动物作为模型系统，研究森林砍伐与微生物组之间的关系，以解释各种分布环境的疾病出现模式。在这里的工作除了先前的研究外，还将景观规模和微生物规模的过程整合到一个统一的框架中，该框架将推进微生物，疾病和全球变化的生态。该项目在阿拉巴马大学的路易斯·斯托克斯联盟（Louis Stokes Stokes Alliance for Alabama）和马萨诸塞州波士顿大学的其他资金来源的支持下，为研究生实施了一项多元化招聘计划。将与阿拉巴马州自然历史博物馆合作，将制造和实施便携式迷你展览和学校活动，以缩小美国服务最低的地区之一的K-12科学教育差距。据预测，这些展览每年将在阿拉巴马州的五个县学区吸引66,000名学生。影响脊椎动物宿主的微生物的潜水员组合，统称为微生物组，对动物健康至关重要。但是，在景观生态框架内很少考虑宿主微生物组与新兴野生动植物疾病之间的联系。反复接触病原体可能会改变宿主微生物组中的社区动力学，并可以促进竞争性微生物相互作用和宿主反应，从而使抗病原体成员富含微生物组。这种获得的病原体抗性形式称为微生物组记忆，可能会促进宿主恢复，并在随后的病原体暴露后启动宿主。众所周知，人为栖息地碎片局限于景观量表的宿主运动，这可能会改变病原体暴露率，这对于在病原体压力季节性增加之前建立微生物组的记忆至关重要。该项目将使用巴西大西洋森林的两栖动物作为模型系统，研究人类栖息地灾难的互动效应，并托管微生物组动力学，以解释零散景观中观察到的疾病风险增加的机制。在对三个两栖动物物种进行的调查中，该选择作用于两栖动物的皮肤微生物组中，这些两栖动物将在跨景观碎片梯度上具有季节性病原体动力学。此外，将使用微生物组操纵，宿主易位和射电遥测进行现场实验，以测试将栖息地碎片，疾病和宿主微生物组与宿主免疫的其他成分独立于宿主微生物组联系起来的机制。这项工作将产生一个强大的数据集，将景观生态与适应性微生物组的元社会理论相结合，对宿主对疾病的抵抗以及生物多样性的维护和稳定性具有新颖的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为通过基金会的知识优点和广泛的criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia rection the precial taility the奖。