Collaborative Proposal: MRA: Linking land-to-water transport and stream carbon cycling to inform macrosystem carbon balance

合作提案：MRA：将陆水运输和河流碳循环联系起来，为宏观系统碳平衡提供信息

• 批准号: 1926632
• 负责人: Jeremy Jones
• 金额: $ 23.33万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1926632&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; MRA; Linking; land

Carbon is the energy currency of ecosystems. Carbon emissions from streams and rivers are important sources of carbon to the atmosphere. Scientists rarely measure the movement of carbon from air to plants, into soils and groundwater, through streams and rivers, and back to the atmosphere. This research will develop new methods and data to measure terrestrial carbon cycling through freshwaters. This project will also train diverse students and professionals to conduct research linking terrestrial and freshwater carbon flows. Educators will complete summer research projects using environmental sensors and public datasets to enhance K-12 student understanding of research. Collaborations with industry partners will create common standards for freshwater sensor measurements. The project will also develop open-source software to improve water quality and carbon cycling research with data collected by sensors. The movement of terrestrial carbon across land-water boundaries controls the carbon balance of watersheds and the metabolism of freshwater ecosystems. Streams are the primary interface between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. They are ideal testbeds to advance understanding of land-water carbon transfers and meta-ecosystem ecology (i.e., the study of multiple ecosystems linked by energy and material transfers). This research seeks to answer the questions: (1) What is the magnitude and variability of land-to-water carbon transfers and stream carbon emissions in watershed carbon balances? (2) What controls carbon form, cycling, and fate in meta-ecosystems? (3) How does meta-ecosystem carbon cycling in different parts of the United States vary within and among years? The factors regulating carbon metabolism and emissions are predicted to operate at different spatial and temporal scales. Environmental sensors and water chemistry sampling will capture the temporal variability in carbon cycling and losses in soils and streams at paired terrestrial-aquatic National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) research sites across the United States. Project outcomes will advance a predictive understanding of the daily, seasonal, and annual processes controlling watershed carbon cycling through measurements and models that cross land-water boundaries and approaches that integrate biology, geology, and chemistry across space and time.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

碳是生态系统的能源货币。溪流和河流的碳排放是大气碳的重要来源。科学家很少测量碳从空气到植物、进入土壤和地下水、通过溪流和河流再回到大气的移动情况。这项研究将开发新的方法和数据来测量通过淡水的陆地碳循环。该项目还将培训不同的学生和专业人员进行陆地和淡水碳流的研究。教育工作者将使用环境传感器和公共数据集完成夏季研究项目，以增强 K-12 学生对研究的理解。与行业合作伙伴的合作将为淡水传感器测量创建通用标准。该项目还将开发开源软件，利用传感器收集的数据来改善水质和碳循环研究。陆地碳跨越陆地-水边界的移动控制着流域的碳平衡和淡水生态系统的新陈代谢。溪流是陆地和淡水生态系统之间的主要界面。它们是促进对陆地-水碳转移和元生态系统生态学（即通过能量和物质转移联系起来的多个生态系统的研究）的理解的理想试验台。本研究旨在回答以下问题：（1）流域碳平衡中从陆地到水的碳转移和河流碳排放的规模和变异性是多少？ (2) 是什么控制着元生态系统中碳的形态、循环和命运？ (3) 美国不同地区的元生态系统碳循环在不同年份和不同年份之间有何变化？预计调节碳代谢和排放的因素将在不同的空间和时间尺度上发挥作用。环境传感器和水化学采样将在美国各地的陆地-水生国家生态观测网络（NEON）配对研究站点捕获土壤和溪流中碳循环和损失的时间变化。项目成果将通过跨越陆地-水边界的测量和模型以及跨空间和时间整合生物学、地质学和化学的方法，促进对控制流域碳循环的日常、季节性和年度过程的预测性理解。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。