BEE: SG: How host migratory behavior shapes the evolution of parasite virulence

BEE：SG：宿主迁移行为如何影响寄生虫毒力的进化

• 批准号: 1947406
• 负责人: Allison Shaw
• 金额: $ 20.76万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1947406&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BEE; SG; How; host; migratory

From birds to whales, monarchs to fish, animals across the globe embark on seasonal migrations each year, traveling thousands of miles. These big movement patterns also affect smaller organisms – namely the parasites that infect animal hosts. Over the course of a year, migrants come into contact with different non-migratory animals. Since migratory and non-migratory species may each be infected by different parasites, these new contacts present opportunity for parasite transmission between species. However, it is not clear under what conditions parasites are actually able to move between hosts, and how costly parasites will be to their new hosts. The aim of this project is to develop a predictive understanding of when parasites are able to move between migratory and non-migratory hosts, and how much parasites are likely to decrease the survival of their new hosts. Researchers at the University of Minnesota (including undergraduate and graduate students) will accomplish this by developing novel mathematical models. The outcome of this work will help shape our understanding of parasite transmission between migratory wildlife and sedentary livestock and aquaculture species. The findings will be communicated to the scientific community through national and international presentations and publications, and to the public through local outreach programs at a natural history museum and farmer’s markets.Despite increasing concern as to how migratory species influence emerging infectious disease, there is no conceptual framework to predict under what conditions parasites can move between hosts and what the consequences will be for parasite virulence (parasite-induced host mortality). Parasites are under selection for strategies that increase transmission to new hosts. Intriguingly, predictions from general theory (interpreted in the context of migration) suggest that parasites should be more virulent in migratory hosts, while empirical patterns from parasites of migratory hosts suggest the opposite. This research will develop theory specifically aimed at understanding how host migration patterns should shape parasite virulence, in order to reconcile this conflict in the literature. The models will test the role of (i) host life history parameters, (ii) the degree to which parasites impose similar costs in different host sub-populations, and (iii) cost currency of parasite infection, in shaping parasite transmission-virulence strategy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

从鸟类到鲸鱼，君主到钓鱼，全球动物每年都要季节性迁移，行驶数千英里。这些大型运动模式也影响了较小的组织 - 即感染动物宿主的寄生虫。在一年的过程中，移民与不同的非迁移动物接触。由于迁徙和非迁移物种可以分别被不同的寄生虫感染，因此这些新的接触为物种之间的寄生虫传播提供了机会。但是，尚不清楚寄生虫实际上能够在主机之间移动，以及寄生虫对新宿主的昂贵。该项目的目的是对寄生虫何时能够在迁徙和非迁移宿主之间移动，以及有多少寄生虫可能降低其新宿主的生存。明尼苏达大学的研究人员（包括本科生和研究生）将通过开发新颖的数学模型来实现这一目标。这项工作的结果将有助于塑造我们对迁徙野生动植物与久坐牲畜和水产养殖物种之间寄生虫传播的理解。这些发现将通过国家和国际演示和出版物传达给科学界，并通过自然历史博物馆和农贸市场的当地外展计划传达这些发现。尽管如此，对迁徙物种如何影响新兴感染疾病的关注越来越关注，没有概念框架可以预测寄生虫在何种情况下可以在哪些情况下移动，而寄生的后果可以在parasite Virus（parasite Virus）（parasite virus）（parasite virus）（parasite verus）（parasite virus）（parasite virus）（parasite virus）构成 - 寄生虫正在选择增加向新宿主传播的策略。有趣的是，一般理论的预测（在迁移的背景下解释）表明，寄生虫在迁移宿主中应该更具毒性，而迁徙宿主寄生虫的经验模式则表明相反。这项研究将开发专门旨在理解宿主迁移模式应如何塑造寄生虫病毒，以和解文献中的冲突。该模型将测试（i）寄主生活历史参数的作用，（ii）寄生虫在不同的宿主子人群中施加相似成本的程度，以及（iii）寄生虫感染的成本货币，在塑造寄生虫传播病毒策略中。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务并通过评估了基金会的智力，并通过评估了基金会的crifiatial crcriatial and crcriatial and tobleit and tocriatial and tobleit和broaditial and Internial and tocriatial and crow。

项目成果

Pathogen evolution following spillover from a resident to a migrant host population depends on interactions between host pace of life and tolerance to infection

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14075
• 发表时间: 2024-03-10
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Torstenson，Martha;Shaw，Allison K.
• 通讯作者: Shaw，Allison K.