Mid-scale RI-2 Consortium: Biogeochemical-Argo: A global robotic network to observe changing ocean chemistry and biology

中型 RI-2 联盟：生物地球化学-Argo：观察不断变化的海洋化学和生物学的全球机器人网络

• 批准号: 1946578
• 负责人: Kenneth Johnson
• 金额: $ 5294.27万
• 依托单位: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-11-01 至 2025-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1946578&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mid; scale; RI; Consortium; Biogeochemical

The ocean covers more than 70% of the surface of our planet. It provides services that are critical for life on Earth, including absorbing 93% of the heat from recent warming and a quarter of human carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions each year. However, rising ocean temperatures and CO2 levels fundamentally alter the marine environment: pH and oxygen levels fall, ocean currents change, and the distribution of nutrients shifts. Each of these changes has impacts on ecosystems and the cycles of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon throughout the ocean and atmosphere. Observing these biogeochemical (BGC) processes over large areas and long time periods has been virtually impossible due to the high costs associated with ship-based measurements. Yet such observations are essential for understanding the natural state of ocean chemistry and biology and for predicting how the ocean system will evolve in the future. The Global Ocean Biogeochemistry (GO-BGC) Array project aims to drive a transformative shift in our ability to observe and predict, at the global scale, the effects of climate change on ocean metabolism, carbon uptake, and living marine resource management. The project team plans to implement an innovative and sustained robotic network of 500 profiling floats carrying chemical and biological sensors, that would take measurements from 2000-meters depth to the surface every 10 days for several years. These floats will be distributed among all of the major ocean basins and will transmit the data to shore via satellite communication systems. Data will be publicly available within 24 hours. In the past, regional arrays of BGC floats have been deployed with great success, but never has there been a global array. This global array has the potential to provide essential observational data in remote areas where there is little to no routine ship traffic and can operate in the harshest sea conditions such as winter in high-latitude environments. Such measurements from the regional SOCCOM (Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle Observations and Modeling) project have resulted in unanticipated discoveries that highlight the need for a global scale array. It is expected that this unprecedented data stream will drive a transformative shift in scientific and public understanding of chemical and biological (biogeochemical) cycling in the ocean at the global scale. The GO-BGC Project is a partnership of researchers from many of the major oceanographic institutions in the U.S. who bring experience in oceanographic data collection and analysis and in public engagement on ocean issues. The Team would engage Kindergarten-12 schools through the “Adopt-a-Float” Program, providing direct contact between students and scientists and involving students through naming and tracking individual floats. The researchers will host seminars and workshops to familiarize the research community with the data streams and how to use them. They will provide training for undergraduates, graduate students, and postdocs in sensor calibration and GO-BGC float deployment and maintenance, directly contributing to the development of the "Blue Workforce." The resulting datasets will be used in classrooms, in scientific research, and in making decisions that move ocean science forward. Societal benefits arise from using the data for weather and climate forecasts as well as in marine resource management.One of the eight priority science questions that came out of the National Research Council’s Sea Change: 2015–2025 Decadal Survey of Ocean Sciences report asked, “How have ocean biogeochemical and physical processes contributed to today’s climate and its variability, and how will this system change over the next century?” The GO-BGC Project would make a major contribution toward answering that question. One of the primary impediments to addressing this question to date has been the lack of continuous biogeochemical measurements on a global scale and during all seasons. Ship-based biogeochemical measurements are made on various individual campaigns in selected parts of the world’s ocean, but data are sparse in time and space, leaving major gaps in our knowledge of biogeochemical processes on a global and regional scales. The GO-BGC Project is the result of over a decade of planning by the oceanographic community to address these gaps. The Project has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the ocean’s role in the global carbon cycle, acidification and deoxygenation of the global ocean, and ecosystem productivity and health.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋覆盖了我们星球表面的70％以上。它提供对地球上生命至关重要的服务，包括每年吸收最近变暖的93％的热量和四分之一的人类二氧化碳（CO2）排放。但是，海洋温度和二氧化碳水平的上升从根本上改变了海洋环境：pH和氧气水平下降，洋流变化以及营养物质的分布。这些变化中的每一个都会影响整个海洋和大气层的氧，氮和碳的周期。由于与基于船舶的测量相关的高成本，几乎不可能观察大面积和长时间内的这些生物地球化学（BGC）过程。然而，这种观察对于理解海洋化学和生物学的自然状态至关重要，以及预测将来海洋系统将如何发展。全球海洋生物地球化学（GO-BGC）阵列项目旨在推动我们在全球范围内观察和预测气候变化对海洋代谢，碳吸收和生活海洋资源管理的影响的能力的变革。该项目团队计划实施一个具有化学和生物传感器的500个浮子的创新且持续的机器人网络，该网络将每10天从2000米的深度到表面几年，从而进行测量。这些浮子将分布在所有主要的海洋低音中，并将通过卫星通信系统传输数据。数据将在24小时内公开提供。过去，BGC Floats的区域阵列已经取得了巨大的成功部署，但从未成为全球阵列。该全球阵列有可能在几乎没有常规船舶交通的偏远地区提供必要的观察数据，并且可以在最大的海洋条件下（例如高纬度环境中的冬季）运作。区域SOCCOM（南大洋碳循环观测和建模）项目的此类测量结果导致了意外的发现，突出了对全球尺度阵列的需求。可以预期，这种前所未有的数据流将推动对全球海洋中海洋化学和生物学（生物地球化学）循环的科学和公众理解的变革性转变。 GO-BGC项目是来自美国许多主要海洋学机构的研究人员的合作伙伴关系，他们在海洋数据收集和分析以及有关海洋问题的公众参与方面的经验。该团队将通过“采用流动性”计划与Kindergarten-12学校互动，从而在学生和科学家之间提供直接联系，并通过命名和跟踪单个浮标来吸引学生。研究人员将举办半手和研讨​​会，以使研究社区熟悉数据流以及如何使用它们。他们将在传感器校准以及GO-BGC浮点部部署和维护方面为本科生，研究生和博士后提供培训，这直接有助于发展“蓝色劳动力”。由此产生的数据集将用于教室，科学研究和做出推动海科学前进的决策。社会利益是由使用数据用于天气和气候向前以及海洋资源管理中产生的。在国家研究委员会的海洋变化中提出的八个优先科学问题之一：2015 - 2025年《十年际海洋科学调查》报告询问：“海洋生物地球化学和物理过程如何导致当今的气候及其变化，以及下一个系统的变化？” GO-BGC项目将为回答这个问题做出重大贡献。迄今为止，解决这个问题的主要障碍之一是在全球范围内和所有季节都缺乏连续的生物地球化学测量。基于船舶的生物地球化学测量是在世界海洋选定部分的各个活动中进行的，但是数据在时间和空间上很少，在我们对全球和区域尺度上的生物地球化学过程的了解中留下了重大差距。 GO-BGC项目是海洋学界十多年计划以解决这些差距的结果。该项目有可能彻底改变我们对海洋在全球碳周期中的作用，全球海洋的酸化和脱氧化的理解，以及生态系统的生产力和健康。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准通过评估来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Expanding Fleet of Autonomous Floating Robots Targets Deeper Understanding of Global Ocean Dynamics

• DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.001
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Engineering
• 影响因子: 12.8
• 作者: Chris Palmer

Delayed-Mode Quality Control of Oxygen, Nitrate, and pH Data on SOCCOM Biogeochemical Profiling Floats

SOCCOM 生物地球化学剖面浮标上氧气、硝酸盐和 pH 数据的延迟模式质量控制

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.683207
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Maurer, Tanya L.;Plant, Joshua N.;Johnson, Kenneth S.
• 通讯作者: Johnson, Kenneth S.

What’s climate change really doing to the ocean? Ask the robots

气候变化到底对海洋造成了什么影响？

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Bulletin of the atomic scientists
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Bif, Mariana B.

OneArgo: A New Paradigm for Observing the Global Ocean

• DOI: 10.4031/mtsj.56.3.8
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Marine Technology Society Journal
• 影响因子: 0.8
• 作者: W. Owens;N. Zilberman;Kendra S. Johnson;H. Claustre;M. Scanderbeg;S. Wijffels;T. Suga

The Technological, Scientific, and Sociological Revolution of Global Subsurface Ocean Observing

全球地下海洋观测的技术、科学和社会革命

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Oceanography
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Roemmich, D.;Talley, L.;Zilberman, N.;Osborne, E.;Johnson, K.S.;Barbero, L.;Bittig, H.C.;Briggs, N.;Fassbender, A.J.;Johnson, G.C.
• 通讯作者: Johnson, G.C.