CAREER: Investigating the source, transport and deposition of economically important metals in the lower continental crust

职业：研究下大陆地壳中具有重要经济意义的金属的来源、迁移和沉积

• 批准号: 1944552
• 负责人: Marek Locmelis
• 金额: $ 54.66万
• 依托单位: Missouri University of Science and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1944552&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Investigating; source; transport; deposition

Metals are critical components of modern society. Aside from recycling, metals are recovered from ore deposits such as magmatic sulfide systems that often formed close to the surface and thus provide relatively easy access to metals like nickel and copper. Because ore deposits are non-renewable, we must find (at least) one new deposit for each exhausted resource to guarantee a steady metal supply in the future. Currently, mineral exploration efforts focus mostly on the upper crust because this approach has worked well over the past century. However, a recent decline in new discoveries implies that most of the deposits near the surface have already been found. Consequently, the opening of search space deeper in the Earth is necessary to guarantee a steady metal supply. This project will address this issue by investigating the formation of a series of variably metasomatized magmatic sulfide deposits in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone in Italy. These deposits formed in the deep crust and were tectonically uplifted to mineable levels. Although the deposits were previously mined for nickel and copper, surprisingly little is known about how they (and similar deposits elsewhere) originally formed. This project will use the deposits in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone to better constrain how and where such deposits preferentially form, particularly focusing on the role of mantle metasomatism in deep crustal ore formation. The findings will provide an important step toward including such deposits in future exploration models. The research will be integrated with an educational component that will reach K-12, undergraduate and graduate students. A high school outreach program in collaboration with Project Lead The Way will use examples from this project to highlight geoscience career paths that K-12 students may initially not be aware of, particularly in rural Missouri. The PI will also incorporate aspects of the proposed research into a summer training program for undergraduate students to help students prepare for a post-baccalaureate geoscience career. Furthermore, two graduate students will be actively involved in the research component. The Ivrea-Verbano Zone is a well-preserved cross section of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle and lower continental crust that outcrops subvertically and therefore allows for comprehensive studies of deep lithospheric mass transfer. Previous studies on the Ivrea-Verbano Zone have significantly contributed to our understanding of the lower continental lithosphere. However, research that focuses on the source of metalliferous hydrous melts/fluids, and their role in the transport and local deposition of metals (i.e., ore deposits) is rare. To address this knowledge gap, this project will investigate different localities in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone that represent variable degrees of metasomatism and sulfide mineralization: (1) strongly metasomatized / highly mineralized pipes, (2) un-metasomatized / moderately mineralized sills/intrusions, and (3) a strongly metasomatized / sulfide-poor mantle peridotite. Field studies will be integrated with petrographic observations, bulk rock, mineral and fluid inclusion analyses, isotopic (Cu, Sm-Nd) and geochronological studies. The proposed research will provide new insight into (1) the physical and chemical processes that produce, transport and concentrate fluids and metals in the deep lithosphere; and (2) the spatial and temporal scales of such processes. The PI is actively recruiting K-12 teachers, undergraduate and graduate students to be involved in this project. The goal of the K-12 outreach program is to raise awareness for geoscience disciplines and to encourage students to consider geoscience or other STEM career paths. Undergraduate and graduate student projects will be individually tailored to prepare each student for a career path of their choosing in academia, federal/state agencies, or the private sector.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

金属是现代社会的关键组成部分。除回收外，还从矿石沉积物（例如岩浆硫化物系统）中回收了金属，这些矿石通常形成靠近表面，从而可以相对容易地进入镍和铜等金属。由于矿床是不可再生的，因此我们必须（至少）为每个耗尽的资源（至少）一个新的存款，以确保将来的稳定金属供应。目前，矿产勘探工作主要集中在上层外壳上，因为这种方法在过去一个世纪中运作良好。但是，最近的新发现下降意味着已经发现了表面附近的大多数沉积物。因此，为了确保稳定的金属供应，需要更深的地球搜索空间开放。该项目将通过调查意大利伊维德里亚 - 维尔巴诺地区的一系列可变的岩浆硫化物沉积物的形成来解决这个问题。这些沉积物在深层地壳中形成，并在构造上抬高至可最低水平。尽管以前是为镍和铜开采的沉积物，但令人惊讶的是，他们最初形成的（其他地方的类似沉积物）知之甚少。该项目将利用伊维德里亚 - 维巴诺（Ivrea-Verbano）区域中的沉积物来更好地限制这种沉积物的优先形成方式和地点，尤其是专注于地幔交代型在深层地壳矿石形成中的作用。这些发现将为将这些存款包括在以后的勘探模型中提供重要的一步。这项研究将与将覆盖K-12，本科生和研究生的教育组成部分集成。与项目负责人合作的高中宣传计划将使用该项目的示例来强调地球科学职业道路，而K-12学生最初可能不知道，尤其是在密苏里州农村地区。 PI还将将拟议的研究的各个方面纳入夏季培训计划，以帮助学生为学生做准备，以准备后来的地球科学生涯。此外，两名研究生将积极参与研究部分。 ivrea-verbano带是底层岩石圈地幔的保存完好的横截面和下部大陆壳，易于露出，因此可以全面研究深层岩石圈质量转移。先前对伊维德里亚岛地区的研究显着有助于我们对下部大陆岩石圈的理解。但是，重点是金属含水熔体/流体的来源，以及它们在金属的运输和局部沉积中的作用（即矿床）很少见。 To address this knowledge gap, this project will investigate different localities in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone that represent variable degrees of metasomatism and sulfide mineralization: (1) strongly metasomatized / highly mineralized pipes, (2) un-metasomatized / moderately mineralized sills/intrusions, and (3) a strongly metasomatized / sulfide-poor mantle peridotite.现场研究将与岩石学观测值，散装岩石，矿物质和流体融合分析，同位素（CU，SM-ND）和年代学研究相结合。拟议的研究将为（1）在深层岩石圈中产生，运输和浓缩液体和金属的物理和化学过程提供新的见解； （2）此类过程的空间和时间尺度。 PI正在积极招募K-12教师，本科生和研究生参与该项目。 K-12外展计划的目标是提高对地球科学学科的认识，并鼓励学生考虑地球科学或其他STEM职业道路。本科生和研究生项目的项目将进行单独量身定制，以使每个学生在学术界，联邦/州机构或私营部门选择自己的职业道路。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

On the formation of magmatic sulphide systems in the lower crust by long‐lived mass transfer through the lithosphere: Insights from the Valmaggia pipe, Ivrea Verbano Zone, Italy

关于通过岩石圈的长期传质在下地壳中形成岩浆硫化物系统：来自意大利伊夫雷亚韦尔巴诺带瓦尔马贾管道的见解

• DOI: 10.1111/ter.12499
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Terra Nova
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Locmelis, Marek;Moroni, Marilena;Denyszyn, Steven W.;Webb, Laura E.;Fiorentini, Marco L.;Sessa, Gianluca;Caruso, Stefano;Mathur, Ryan;Nanzad, Bolorchimeg
• 通讯作者: Nanzad, Bolorchimeg

Distributions of Platinum Group Elements and Re-Os Isotope Systematics in Chromite from the Coobina Chromitite Deposit in Western Australia: Implications for Chromite as a Sulfide Mineralization Indicator

西澳大利亚 Coobina 铬铁矿矿床铬铁矿中铂族元素和铼锇同位素系统学的分布：铬铁矿作为硫化物矿化指标的意义

• DOI: 10.3749/canmin.2200006
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Canadian Mineralogist
• 作者: Schoneveld, Louise;Barnes, Stephen;Puchtel, Igor S.;Tessalina, Svetlana;Locmelis, Marek
• 通讯作者: Locmelis, Marek

The Pilot Knob iron ore deposits in southeast Missouri, USA: A high-to-low temperature magmatic-hydrothermal continuum

• DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103973
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Ore Geology Reviews
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Bolorchimeg N. Tunnell;M. Locmelis;C. Seeger;R. Mathur;I. Dunkl;Brandon Sullivan;Lisa M. Lori