RAPID: Assessing the fate of flood-born contaminants

RAPID：评估洪水产生的污染物的命运

• 批准号: 1935290
• 负责人: Marek Locmelis
• 金额: $ 4.49万
• 依托单位: Missouri University of Science and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-15 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1935290&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Assessing; fate; flood; born

Floods can cause significant problems for nature and society. In addition to water damage, toxic contaminants can be mobilized and affect public health and safety. However, only little is known about the nature of contaminants and how they are distributed during floods. The proposed project studies potentially dangerous contaminants in water and flood deposits from the 2019 Missouri River flood, Nebraska. Rural and urban areas are studied to assess the impact on the environment and society. The goal is to identify contaminants and understand how they are transported. The results will help to identify areas where they were deposited and may pose health risks. Catastrophic flood events, such as the one studied here, are predicted to become more frequent in the future. Understanding what the most dangerous contaminants are, where they are most likely to be deposited, and for long they remain a threat to nature and society will help to guide future rural and urban development strategies.To determine how contaminants were redistributed during the catastrophic Missouri River flood event, the proposed project will collect soil, river and lake sediment samples near Omaha, Nebraska. The samples will be taken along detailed profiles with sampling intervals 100 m as well as in a larger-scale grid pattern (3 km2, 500 m intervals) and analyzed for metals and total phosphorous, nitrogen and organic carbon contents. Water samples will be taken from rivers and lakes/ponds in the field area and complemented by groundwater samples from existing wells. Soil and sediment samples will be analyzed using ICP-MS (metals), ICP-AES (phosphorous), thermal conductivity detection (nitrogen), and infrared absorption (carbon). Water samples will be analyzed for P and N species via a portable Hach DR 1900 spectrophotometer. The data will allow to identify what contaminants are typically associated with urban and rural agricultural areas, quantify their abundances, and determine how they were redistributed during the flood event. The results will be integrated to develop models that can be used to predict where toxic contaminants are most likely to be deposited during and/or after catastrophic floods. Resampling of the same locations during the following years can then help to understand residence times of contaminants and their long-lasting effects on the environment. Because extreme weather events are predicted to become more frequent in the future, this project will provide an important first step to design urban and rural development strategies aimed at reducing the ecologic, social, and economic damage associated with catastrophic floods.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

洪水会给大自然和社会带来重大问题。除了水损害外，有毒污染物还可以动员并影响公共卫生和安全。但是，关于污染物的性质及其在洪水期间的分布方式知之甚少。拟议的项目研究了内布拉斯加州2019年密苏里河洪水的水和洪水沉积物中的潜在危险污染物。研究了农村和城市地区，以评估对环境和社会的影响。目的是识别污染物并了解它们的运输方式。结果将有助于确定其存入的领域，并可能构成健康风险。灾难性的洪水事件（例如这里研究的事件）预计将来会变得更加频繁。了解最危险的污染物是什么是什么，最有可能沉积的地方，并且它们仍然是对自然和社会的威胁，将有助于指导未来的农村和城市发展策略。确定在灾难性的密苏里河河洪水泛滥期间如何重新分布污染物，提议的项目将收集Omaha，Nebraska，Nebraska，Nebraska，河流和湖泊沉积物样本。样品将沿着100 m的采样间隔以及更大的网格模式（3 km2，500 m间隔）进行采样，并分析金属以及总磷，氮和有机碳含量。水样将从野外区域的河流和湖泊/池塘中采集，并得到现有井中的地下水样品的补充。将使用ICP-MS（金属），ICP-AE（磷），导热率检测（氮）和红外吸收（碳）分析土壤和沉积物样品。水样将通过便携式Hach DR 1900分光光度计分析P和N物种。这些数据将允许确定哪些污染物通常与城市和农村农业地区相关，量化它们的丰度，并确定在洪水事件中如何重新分配它们。结果将集成以开发可用于预测在灾难性洪水期间和/或之后最有可能沉积有毒污染物的模型。然后，在接下来的几年中重新采样相同的位置可以帮助了解污染物的停留时间及其对环境的持久影响。由于预计极端天气事件将在未来变得越来越频繁，因此该项目将为设计城市和农村发展策略提供重要的第一步，旨在减少与灾难性洪水相关的生态，社会和经济损害，这反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为通过基金会的知识优点和广泛的crietia crietia crietia crietia cribitia criperia criperia criperia cripitia recteria rection the Apportiation奖。