CAREER: The Impact of Electrons on Laboratory Plasma Jets of Astrophysical Relevance

职业：电子对天体物理相关实验室等离子体射流的影响

• 批准号: 1943939
• 负责人: Pierre Gourdain
• 金额: $ 85.89万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1943939&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Impact; Electrons; Laboratory; Plasma

This CAREER award supports exploration of the underlying physics of the formation and stability of astrophysical plasma jets in a laboratory setting. Astrophysical jets are thought to be generated by supermassive black holes sweeping interstellar matter into a jet, intimately connecting the properties of the parent black hole and the jet itself. While black holes are difficult to observe, it is much easier to do so for astrophysical jets that can be hundreds of light years in length. The jet formation models benchmarked in this research could allow for precise determination of masses of black holes that give rise to astrophysical jets, leading to a better understanding of the distribution of dark matter throughout the Universe. While the deep gravitational well created by a black hole is missing in laboratory experiments, it is possible to form high energy density flows with very similar parameters. Thus, the basic mechanisms of jet formation can be studied in the laboratory using scaled-down versions of astrophysical flows. This research effort will also include and immerse students, including high school and undergraduate students, in an environment crossing over many scientific disciplines and continents, giving them new perspectives in high energy density physics and plasma astrophysics. The typical assumptions used to describe astrophysical jet dynamics tend to be oversimplified and often ignore the impact of electrons in astrophysical flows. While laboratory experiments cannot reproduce the gravitational well of a black hole, they can still generate flows of astrophysical relevance. This research program will investigate the impact of electrons on turbulent, supersonic jets generated by pulsed-power drivers focusing on three key questions: (1) Can electron effects improve collimation of turbulent jets? (2) Is it possible for electron flows to be a source of macroscopic instabilities? and (3) Can the physics models benchmarked in pulsed-power experiments be carried over to laser-driven jets and, ultimately, to astrophysical systems? The exceptional temporal and spatial accuracy of the diagnostics to be used in this study will allow not only to measure the electron density and magnetic field across space and time, but to also infer the electron flow velocity and electrical currents. All four quantities will be used to test electron effects across a wide range of scales. The main goal of this research is to clearly demonstrate when and where electron effects play an important role in high energy density plasmas and how these effects scale all the way to astrophysical systems. The experimental work will be conducted on the High Amperage Driver for Extreme States (HADES) facility constructed with support from the NSF Major Research Instrumentation program. The multi-disciplinary nature of the research will expose students to different scientific perspectives and nurture a culturally diverse research environment. Through mentoring, outreach, recruitment and experience abroad, this program will train students in becoming effective mentors and inspired scientists.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该职业奖支持探索在实验室环境中天体物理等离子体喷气机的形成和稳定性的基本物理。 天体物理喷气式被认为是由超级质量的黑洞将星际物质扫到喷气机中产生的，紧密地连接了父型黑洞和喷气机本身的特性。 虽然很难观察到黑洞，但对于天体物理喷气机来说，这可能是一百万年的时间。 这项研究基准测试的JET形成模型可以精确地确定产生天体物理喷气机的黑洞质量，从而更好地理解整个宇宙中暗物质的分布。尽管实验室实验中缺少黑洞创建的深重重力井，但可以形成具有非常相似参数的高能量流动。 因此，可以使用天体物理流的缩放版本在实验室中研究喷气形成的基本机制。 这项研究工作还将包括在跨越许多科学学科和大洲的环境中，包括高中和本科生在内的学生，并为他们提供了高能量密度物理学和等离子体天体物理学的新观点。 用于描述天体物理射流动力学的典型假设往往过于简化，并且通常忽略电子在天体物理流中的影响。尽管实验室实验无法重现黑洞的重力井，但它们仍然可以产生天体物理相关性。 该研究计划将调查电子对脉冲驱动器驱动器产生的湍流，超音速喷射的影响，该脉冲动力驱动器的重点关注三个关键问题：（1）电子效应可以改善湍流喷气机的准确性吗？ （2）电子流是否有可能成为宏观不稳定性的来源？ （3）在脉冲驱动实验中基准测试的物理模型是否可以转移到激光驱动的喷气机上，并最终转移到天体物理系统上？ 本研究中使用的诊断的特殊时间和空间精度不仅可以使电子密度和磁场跨空间和时间测量，还可以推断电子流速和电流。 所有四个数量将用于测试各种尺度的电子效应。 这项研究的主要目的是清楚地证明电子效应何时何地在高能量密度等离子体中起重要作用，以及这些效应如何一直延伸到天体物理系统。 实验性工作将在NSF主要研究仪器计划的支持下为极端州（HADES）设施的高安培驱动器（HADES）设施进行。 研究的多学科性质将使学生了解不同的科学观点并培养具有文化多样的研究环境。 通过指导，推广，招聘和在国外的经验，该计划将培训学生成为有效的导师并启发科学家。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

A Fully Implicit Method Using Nodal Radial Basis Functions to Solve the Linear Advection Equation

利用节点径向基函数求解线性平流方程的全隐式方法

• DOI: 10.4208/ijnam2023-1018
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: International Journal of Numerical Analysis and Modeling
• 影响因子: 1.1
• 作者: Gourdain, P.-A.;Evans, M.;Hasson, H. R.;Young, J. R.;null, I. West-Abdallah;Adams, M. B.
• 通讯作者: Adams, M. B.

True optical spatial derivatives for direct phase gradient measurements

用于直接相位梯度测量的真实光学空间导数

• DOI: 10.1364/optcon.481196
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Optics Continuum
• 作者: Gourdain, P. -A.;Erez, I. N.;Evans, M.;Hasson, H. R.;Nagasako, J.;Young, J. R.;West-Abdallah, I.
• 通讯作者: West-Abdallah, I.