Ocean Gravity-Capillary Waves: Dependence on Sea-Surface Processes and Microlayer Properties

海洋重力毛细波：对海面过程和微层特性的依赖性

基本信息

批准号：
1923935
负责人：
Christopher Zappa
金额：
$ 34.58万
依托单位：
Columbia University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1923935&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Ocean Gravity Capillary Waves Dependence

项目摘要

Poor understanding of ten centimeter and shorter waves, termed 'gravity-capillary' and 'capillary' waves, remains a point of weakness in modern wave models. Adequate characterization of these waves and their response to wind forcing is essential to understand how momentum, heat and gases are transferred between the atmosphere and ocean. The presence of surfactants on the ocean surface has long been understood to damp such waves, but direct observations of this effect in the real ocean remain exceedingly rare. The physical process of rain impacting the ocean surface also affects surface gravity-capillary waves, though observations of this interaction in the real ocean do not yet exist. This project is to analyze an underutilized data set collected at sea with state-of-the-art observational systems, describing short wave properties of the sea surface, and incorporating sea surface microlayer chemical properties. These data will allow a better description of gravity-capillary waves and the air-sea fluxes they mediate over a variety of environmental conditions, and help improve existing models. The results from the data will be used to create stimulating teaching materials through the Earth2Class (E2C) Workshops for Educators, a professional development program for teachers which reaches school districts with large numbers of students from underrepresented groups. Workshop results will be shared through the E2C website, and team members will also present public lectures to reach a non-classroom audience.The overall body of measurements of these waves in the real ocean is quite small, owing to the difficulty in observing them using traditional techniques. This has led to a paucity of descriptions of gravity-capillary wave response to atmospheric forcing, changes in sea surface chemistry, and disruptive physical processes such as rain. The novel dataset to be utilized included observations of fine-scale wind wave characteristics made simultaneously with measurements of sea surface microlayer (SSML) chemical and biological properties. This study will test three hypotheses focused on short-scale ocean waves, how they grow due to wind forcing, how they are attenuated by surfactants, and the ways in which they are impacted by rain. This work will greatly expand our understanding of short ocean waves characteristics, producing a rich base of gravity-capillary wave observations which will be invaluable to future wave modeling efforts. Incorporation of the SSML chemical and biological properties into this analysis will produce a first-of-its-kind study of the scale-dependent response of gravity-capillary ocean waves to changes in surface chemistry and the SSML microbiome. Analyses of the impact of rain on these short waves will provide further insight into physical processes whose mechanistic descriptions are both underrepresented in the literature and increasingly found to be of importance to physical air-sea interaction.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对十厘米或更短的波（称为“重力毛细管”和“毛细管”波）的了解不足，仍然是现代波浪模型的一个弱点。充分表征这些波及其对风力的响应对于了解动量、热量和气体如何在大气和海洋之间传递至关重要。长期以来，人们一直认为海洋表面存在的表面活性剂可以抑制这种波浪，但在真实海洋中直接观察到这种效应仍然极其罕见。降雨影响海洋表面的物理过程也会影响表面重力毛细波，尽管在真实海洋中尚未观察到这种相互作用。该项目旨在分析通过最先进的观测系统在海上收集的未充分利用的数据集，描述海面的短波特性，并结合海面微层化学特性。这些数据将有助于更好地描述重力毛细波及其在各种环境条件下介导的海气通量，并有助于改进现有模型。数据结果将用于通过 Earth2Class (E2C) 教育工作者研讨会创建刺激性教材，这是一项针对教师的专业发展计划，覆盖拥有大量来自弱势群体的学生的学区。研讨会结果将通过 E2C 网站分享，团队成员还将向非课堂观众进行公开讲座。由于使用观测方法很难观察到这些波浪，因此在真实海洋中对这些波浪的总体测量结果相当小。传统技术。这导致对重力毛细波对大气强迫、海面化学变化以及降雨等破坏性物理过程的响应的描述很少。所使用的新颖数据集包括对细尺度风浪特征的观测，同时对海面微层（SSML）化学和生物特性进行测量。这项研究将测试三个假设，重点关注短尺度海浪、它们如何因风力作用而增长、它们如何被表面活性剂减弱以及它们受雨水影响的方式。这项工作将极大地扩展我们对短海浪特征的理解，为重力毛细波观测提供丰富的基础，这对于未来的波浪建模工作具有无价的价值。将 SSML 的化学和生物特性纳入该分析中，将首次对重力毛细管海浪对表面化学和 SSML 微生物组变化的尺度依赖性响应进行研究。分析降雨对这些短波的影响将进一步深入了解物理过程，其机械描述在文献中未被充分体现，而且越来越多地被发现对物理海气相互作用具有重要意义。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被视为值得通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。