Collaborative Proposal: Moored Observations of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation in and below the Mixed Layer during VOCALS

合作提案：VOCALS 期间混合层内外湍流动能耗散的固定观测

• 批准号: 0745442
• 负责人: Christopher Zappa
• 金额: $ 47.93万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-15 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0745442&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Moored; Observations; Turbulent

Intellectual merit: One goal of the VOCALS (VAMOS Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study; VAMOS is Variability of the American Monsoon System) Regional Experiment (REx) is to improve understanding of the processes controlling sea surface temperature (SST) in the Southeastern Pacific off the west coast of South America. A connected set of upper-ocean processes --- near-inertial internal waves, mesoscale eddies, and vertical mixing --- are hypothesized to be important influences on the regional SST field. The relationship of eddies and near-inertial waves to SST, surface forcing and upper-ocean dissipation are of broader interest, but coincident observations of these processes are rare and exist only over periods of a few weeks.This collaborative project will study the relationship of upper-ocean dissipation, near-inertial internal waves, and mesoscale eddies to SST in the VOCALS-REx study region over a period of one year. The project involves the enhancement of an existing, heavily instrumented air-sea interaction mooring with instruments to measure turbulent kinetic energy dissipation at six depths in the upper ocean and analysis of these observations in the context provided by the mooring record. The primary focus of the proposed research is on understanding how physical processes in the upper ocean impact SST in the VOCALS study region, but the results will be of broader scientific interest, as the observations will be unique and will allow insight into some outstanding scientific questions. Specifically, the following will be examined: (i) the relationship of velocity, hydrography, and turbulent dissipation within eddies in the VOCALS region; (ii) the temperature balance of the mixed layer; (iii) near-inertial kinetic energy balance in the mixed layer; and (iv) the influence of near-inertial oscillations on SST. Broader Impact: There are no time series of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and its vertical profile in the surface mixed layer of the deep ocean spanning an annual cycle. Recent advances in instrumentation, battery longevity, and data storage capacity make such measurements possible now. The dissipation measurements, combined with the existing moored measurements of surface forcing and detailed profiles of stratification and velocity, will allow unprecedented study of the energy balance of mixed-layer near-inertial oscillations and the temperature balance of the mixed layer over a period of one year. A subject of great interest to those interested in the global ocean energy balance is the relative amount of wind-forced mixed-layer near-inertial kinetic energy that is dissipated locally compared to the amount of near-inertial energy that propagates to the deep-ocean. The episodic nature of wind-forced inertial oscillations makes a long-term study of their energetics desirable and necessary, and this will be the first such study that can directly address the relative contributions of wave radiation and mixed-layer dissipation to the loss of mixed-layer near-inertial kinetic energy from the mixed layer.This project also has a significant educational and outreach component. Presently at Columbia University and Barnard College, a number of course offerings expose students to principles of oceanography and applications of advanced environmental field methods. Focused teaching modules on global ocean-atmosphere interaction science problems will be developed to be incorporated into curricula. During the planned work, our experiments will offer unique opportunities for the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory?s Summer Intern Program in which talented undergraduates from around the world work on problems related to all aspects of environmental sciences. Results will be presented to the public through Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory's annual open house.

智力价值：VOCALS（VAMOS 海洋云大气陆地研究；VAMOS 是美国季风系统的变异性）区域实验 (REx) 的目标之一是提高对控制东南太平洋海面温度 (SST) 过程的了解。南美洲西海岸。一组相互关联的上层海洋过程——近惯性内波、中尺度涡流和垂直混合——被假设对区域海温场有重要影响。涡流和近惯性波与海温、表面强迫和上层海洋耗散的关系引起了更广泛的兴趣，但对这些过程的一致观测很少见，并且只存在几周的时间。这个合作项目将研究VOCALS-REx 研究区域一年内的上层海洋耗散、近惯性内波和中尺度涡流对海表温度的影响。该项目涉及加强现有的、装备齐全的海气相互作用系泊装置，使用仪器测量上层海洋六个深度的湍流动能耗散，并在系泊记录提供的背景下对这些观测结果进行分析。拟议研究的主要重点是了解上层海洋的物理过程如何影响 VOCALS 研究区域的海表温度，但结果将具有更广泛的科学意义，因为观测结果将是独特的，并将有助于深入了解一些突出的科学问题。具体来说，将检查以下内容：(i) VOCALS 区域中涡流内速度、水文学和湍流耗散的关系； (ii)混合层的温度平衡； (iii)混合层中的近惯性动能平衡； (iv) 近惯性振荡对海温的影响。更广泛的影响：深海表面混合层中没有跨越一年周期的湍流动能耗散及其垂直剖面的时间序列。仪器仪表、电池寿命和数据存储容量方面的最新进展使得此类测量现在成为可能。耗散测量与现有的表面力系泊测量以及分层和速度的详细剖面相结合，将能够对混合层近惯性振荡的能量平衡以及混合层在一段时间内的温度平衡进行前所未有的研究。年。对全球海洋能量平衡感兴趣的人非常感兴趣的一个主题是，与传播到深海的近惯性能量相比，局部消散的风力混合层近惯性动能的相对量。风力惯性振荡的间歇性使得对其能量学进行长期研究是可取且必要的，这将是第一个能够直接解决波辐射和混合层耗散对混合损失的相对贡献的研究。来自混合层的层近惯性动能。该项目还具有重要的教育和推广部分。目前，哥伦比亚大学和巴纳德学院提供的许多课程让学生了解海洋学原理和先进环境领域方法的应用。将开发针对全球海洋-大气相互作用科学问题的重点教学模块，并将其纳入课程。在计划的工作期间，我们的实验将为拉蒙特-多尔蒂地球观测站的暑期实习生计划提供独特的机会，来自世界各地的优秀本科生将致力于解决与环境科学各个方面相关的问题。结果将通过拉蒙特-多尔蒂地球观测站的年度开放日向公众公布。