NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Accelerating Thwaites Ecosystem Impacts for the Southern Ocean (ARTEMIS)

NSFGEO-NERC：合作研究：加速思韦茨生态系统对南大洋的影响 (ARTEMIS)

• 批准号: 1941304
• 负责人: Robert Sherrell
• 金额: $ 49.61万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1941304&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSFGEO; NERC; Collaborative; Research; Accelerating

Part I: Non-technical summary: The Amundsen Sea is adjacent to the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and hosts the most productive coastal ecosystem in all of Antarctica, with vibrant green waters visible from space and an atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake rate ten times higher than the Southern Ocean average. The region is also an area highly impacted by climate change and glacier ice loss. Upwelling of warm deep water is causing melt under the ice sheet, which is contributing to sea level rise and added nutrient inputs to the region. This is a project that is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate of Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget and the investigators associated with its own country. In this collaboration, the US team will undertake biogeochemical sampling alongside a UK-funded physical oceanographic program to evaluate the contribution of micronutrients such as iron from glacial meltwater to ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling. Measurements will be incorporated into computer simulations to examine ecosystem responses to further glacial melting. Results will help predict future impacts on the region and determine whether the climate sensitivity of the Amundsen Sea ecosystem represents the front line of processes generalizable to the greater Antarctic. This study is aligned with the large International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC) and will make data available to the full scientific community. The program will provide training for undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral, and early-career scientists in both science and communication. The team will also develop out-of-school science experiences for middle and high schoolers related to climate change and Antarctica.Part II: Technical summary: The Amundsen Sea hosts the most productive polynya in all of Antarctica, with atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake rates ten times higher than the Southern Ocean average. The region is vulnerable to climate change, experiencing rapid losses in sea ice, a changing icescape and some of the fastest melting glaciers flowing from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, a process being studied by the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration. The biogeochemical composition of the outflow from the glaciers surrounding the Amundsen Sea is largely unstudied. In collaboration with a UK-funded physical oceanographic program, ARTEMIS is using shipboard sampling for trace metals, carbonate system, nutrients, organic matter, and microorganisms, with biogeochemical sensors on autonomous vehicles to gather data needed to understand the impact of the melting ice sheet on both the coastal ecosystem and the regional carbon cycle. These measurements, along with access to the advanced physical oceanographic measurements will allow this team to 1) bridge the gap between biogeochemistry and physics by adding estimates of fluxes and transport of limiting micronutrients; 2) provide biogeochemical context to broaden understanding of the global significance of ocean-ice shelf interactions; 3) determine processes and scales of variability in micronutrient supply that drive the ten-fold increase in carbon dioxide uptake, and 4) identify small-scale processes key to iron and carbon cycling using optimized field sampling. Observations will be integrated into an ocean model to enhance predictive capabilities of regional ocean function.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

第一部分：非技术摘要：Amundsen Sea毗邻南极冰盖（WAIS），并在整个南极洲拥有最有生产力的沿海生态系统，从太空中可见的绿色水和大气中的二氧化碳二氧化碳的吸收率比南海平均高10倍。该地区也是受气候变化和冰川冰损失高度影响的地区。温暖的深水上升正在导致冰盖下的融化，这有助于海平面上升，并增加了该地区的养分输入。这是一个由国家科学基金会地球科学局（NSF/GEO）和英国国家环境研究委员会（NERC）共同资助的项目，该项目通过NSF/GEO-GEO-NERC领先机构协议。该协议允许该机构提交和同行评审的一项联合提案，其调查员的预算比例最大。成功确定裁决后，每个机构都为预算的比例和与其国家相关的调查人员提供了资金。在这项合作中，美国团队将与英国资助的物理海洋学计划一起进行生物地球化学采样，以评估微量营养素（例如冰川融水对生态系统生产力和碳循环）等微量营养素的贡献。测量结果将纳入计算机模拟中，以检查对进一步冰川熔化的生态系统响应。结果将有助于预测对该地区的未来影响，并确定Amundsen Sea生态系统的气候灵敏度是否代表了可推广到更大南极的过程的前线。这项研究与大型国际THWAITES冰川合作（ITGC）保持一致，并将向整个科学界提供数据。该计划将为科学和交流的本科，研究生，博士后和早期科学家提供培训。该团队还将针对与气候变化和南极有关的中学和高中生开发校外科学经验。第二部分：技术摘要：Amundsen Sea在整个南极洲拥有最有生产力的Polynya，其中大气中的二氧化碳吸收率是南方大洋平均值的十倍。该地区容易受到气候变化的影响，在海冰中遭受快速损失，不断变化的冰山和一些从南极西部冰原流动的最快的熔融冰川，这一过程由国际Thwaites冰川合作研究。来自阿蒙森海周围冰川的插座的生物地球化学组成在很大程度上没有研究。通过与英国资助的物理海洋学计划合作，Artemis正在使用船上采样来用于微量金属，碳酸盐系统，营养素，有机物和微生物，并在自主车上使用生物地球化学传感器来收集所需的数据来收集融化冰盖对沿海生态系统和地区碳循环的影响所需的数据。这些测量值以及对先进的物理海洋学测量结果的访问将使该团队通过添加通量估计和限制微量营养素的运输来弥合生物地球化学和物理之间的差距； 2）提供生物地球化学环境，以扩大对海冰架相互作用的全球意义的理解； 3）确定微量营养素供应的变异性过程和尺度，这些供应量增加了二氧化碳摄取的十倍，并且4）使用优化的现场抽样确定铁和碳循环的关键。观察结果将集成到海洋模型中，以增强区域海洋功能的预测能力。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估，被认为是珍贵的支持。