NSFDEB-NERC: Collaborative research: Plant chemistry and its impact on diversification and habitat of plants adapted to extreme environments

NSFDEB-NERC：合作研究：植物化学及其对适应极端环境的植物多样化和栖息地的影响

• 批准号: 1938969
• 负责人: Stephen Smith
• 金额: $ 30.47万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1938969&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSFDEB; NERC; Collaborative; research; Plant

Plants produce diverse chemical compounds, including pigments for attracting pollinators and toxins for deterring herbivores. These chemical compounds are often unique to certain plant parts in different plant groups. This project seeks to understand the evolution of plant-derived chemical compounds and how these compounds promote plant diversity. To address these questions, the project will focus on the plants within the Caryophyllales, a group that includes cacti and many alpine and arctic plants known for extraordinary adaptations to warm, dry, or cold environments. Many Caryophyllales species produce unusually large amounts of diverse compounds derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Due to inherent biochemical trade-offs, the production of these tyrosine-derived compounds may come at the expense of other compounds derived from the amino acid phenylalanine. We will study the balance of the production of these two amino acids and its effect on the production of myriad compounds important in UV shielding, pollination, and herbivore deterrence. The work will inform the biotechnological production of natural plant pigments and will help to elucidate biosynthetic pathways of a number of high-value plant-derived chemicals with pharmaceutical value. The collaborative US-UK team will provide multidisciplinary training opportunities for students and post-doctoral scholars in genetic and biochemical methods in an evolutionary context. Workshops at professional society meetings, a K-12 summer camp module, and multiple public outreach modules will bring these concepts to the public and highlight the relationship between biodiversity and high-value plant chemical compounds. This study will perform an extensive survey to establish the occurrence and distribution of key tyrosine- and phenylalanine-derived metabolites in 600 species across Caryophyllales; examine the association of these tyrosine-derived metabolic traits with organismal adaptation and diversification patterns; and determine the evolutionary genetic mechanisms responsible for the biosynthesis of these metabolites. New tools will be developed to model the hierarchical nature of metabolite evolution and will be made available to the broader community of scientists. This project will comprehensively describe the extent of tyrosine-enriched metabolism in Caryophyllales, define the degree to which these metabolites are associated with organismal diversification patterns across Caryophyllales, and resolve the evolutionary assembly of the genetic pathways underlying complex tyrosine-derived metabolic traits. This award was co-funded by the Systematics and Biodiversity Science Cluster in the Division of Environmental Biology and the Integrative Ecological Physiology Program in the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物产生多种化合物，包括吸引授粉媒介和毒素来阻止食草动物的色素。这些化合物通常是不同植物群中某些植物部分独有的。该项目旨在了解植物来源化合物的演变以及这些化合物如何促进植物多样性。为了解决这些问题，该项目将集中在牛角菌中的植物上，该植物包括仙人掌，许多高山和北极植物，以对温暖，干燥或寒冷环境的非凡适应性而闻名。许多牛角菌种类产生的异常大量的不同化合物衍生自氨基酸酪氨酸。由于固有的生化权衡，这些酪氨酸衍生的化合物的产生可能是以源自氨基酸苯丙氨酸的其他化合物为代价的。我们将研究这两种氨基酸的生产平衡及其对在紫外线屏蔽，授粉和草食动物威慑作用中重要的无数化合物的影响。这项工作将为天然植物色素的生物技术生产提供信息，并有助于阐明许多具有药物价值的高价值植物衍生化学物质的生物合成途径。美国UK合作团队将在进化背景下为学生和博士后学者提供多学科培训机会。专业协会会议，K-12夏令营模块和多个公共外展模块的讲习班将把这些概念带给公众，并强调生物多样性与高价值植物化合物之间的关系。这项研究将进行广泛的调查，以确定在跨千层叶中的600种中，主要酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸来代谢物的发生和分布；检查这些酪氨酸衍生的代谢特征与生物适应和多样化模式的关联；并确定负责这些代谢产物生物合成的进化遗传机制。将开发新工具来建模代谢物进化的层次结构性质，并将提供给更广泛的科学家社区。该项目将全面地描述富含酪氨酸的代谢在石叶藻中的程度，定义这些代谢产物与跨石叶叶群的有机多样化模式相关的程度，并解决遗传途径的进化组装，遗传途径是遗传途径的复杂酪氨酸酪氨酸衍生的代源性代谢特征。该奖项是由系统和生物多样性科学集群共同资助的，在环境生物学和综合生态生理学计划中，综合有机体系统部门。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查审查的审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Compositional shifts associated with major evolutionary transitions in plants

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.19099
• 发表时间: 2023-06-28
• 期刊: NEW PHYTOLOGIST
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Smith，Stephen A. A.;Walker-Hale，Nathanael;Parins-Fukuchi，Charles Tomomi
• 通讯作者: Parins-Fukuchi，Charles Tomomi