Globalizing Cultural Psychology: Varieties of Interdependence Across Four Regions of the World

全球化文化心理学：世界四个地区相互依存的多样性

• 批准号: 1917727
• 负责人: Shinobu Kitayama
• 金额: $ 45.23万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1917727&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Globalizing; Cultural; Psychology; Varieties; Interdependence

In the increasingly global world, it is important to understand other cultural groups. Such understanding will be helpful in peacefully addressing world conflicts, negotiating business deals, and facilitating group interactions. Westerners see themselves as independent agents, and they are individualistic in value. In contrast, some non-Western groups, such as people in Asia, and possibly those in Arab regions, Africa, and Latin America, often see themselves as interdependent with others in their groups and relations. They tend to be more collectivistic. This project investigates the ways that different non-Western groups develop their cultural styles of interdependence by utilizing different strategies of attaining this valued state. It is hypothesized, for example, that East Asians achieve interdependence by avoiding conflicts with others and attain social harmony within their groups. Arab people, on the other hand, do so by self-assertively resolving conflicts with others and by protecting their groups. By studying multiple cultural groups, we may be able to learn more about non-Western and Western cultures. Thus, this project can learn how Westerners typically assert themselves to express their individuality so that they can feel more esteemed and independent. To test this framework, six studies will be conducted to identify the nuances involved in the interdependence-independence construct. The studies will assess three core features of interdependence vs. independence, including the primacy of personal versus social goals as predictors of happiness, analytic versus holistic attention, and analytic versus holistic social cognition. The research will also assess three pairs of subsidiary features that theoretically produce different styles of interdependence. In particular, the use of self-effacement vs. assertion, emotional suppression vs. expression, and dialectic vs. logical reasoning, can all produce different types of interdependence. Those strategies often arise from the ecological context of the cultures. Highly populated cites with greater commerce, for example, should produce more argumentative interdependence whereas more linguistically diverse areas should produce more emotional expressivity. The subsidiary features will be measured across a set of 16 cultural groups from South Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and across the Middle East, Africa, Western Europe, Latin America, and those groups will be contrasted to groups in North America. It is expected that there will be a broad divergence between the groups regarding the strategies they use to achieve their desired cultural state of independence and interdependence. It is also predicted that the West will differ from the non-West in core features while the non-West will be characterized relatively more in subsidiary features. Experimental tests will include priming manipulations designed to produce independence or interdependence to test their later effects on the subsidiary features. Results will shed light on how cultural groups utilize social interaction styles to produce independence and interdependence. This project will facilitate our understanding of intercultural interactions and provide a more comprehensive view of human psychology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在日益全球化的世界中，了解其他文化群体非常重要。 这种理解将有助于和平解决世界冲突、谈判商业交易和促进群体互动。 西方人将自己视为独立的主体，他们的价值观是个人主义的。相比之下，一些非西方群体，例如亚洲人，可能还有阿拉伯地区、非洲和拉丁美洲的人，常常认为自己在群体和关系中与其他人相互依存。他们往往更加集体主义。该项目研究了不同的非西方群体如何通过利用不同的策略来实现这种有价值的状态来发展其相互依赖的文化风格。例如，有人假设东亚人通过避免与他人发生冲突并在群体内实现社会和谐来实现相互依存。另一方面，阿拉伯人民通过自主解决与他人的冲突并保护自己的群体来做到这一点。通过研究多个文化群体，我们也许能够更多地了解非西方和西方文化。因此，这个项目可以了解西方人通常如何主张自己来表达自己的个性，以便他们感到更加受尊重和独立。为了测试这个框架，将进行六项研究来确定相互依赖-独立结构中涉及的细微差别。这些研究将评估相互依赖与独立的三个核心特征，包括个人与社会目标作为幸福预测因素的首要地位、分析与整体注意力以及分析与整体社会认知。该研究还将评估三对辅助特征，这些特征在理论上会产生不同类型的相互依赖。特别是，自我抹杀与断言、情绪压抑与表达、辩证与逻辑推理的使用，都可以产生不同类型的相互依赖。这些策略通常源于文化的生态背景。例如，人口稠密、商业规模较大的城市应该产生更多的争论性相互依赖，而语言更加多样化的地区应该产生更多的情感表达力。这些附属特征将在来自南亚、中亚、东亚以及中东、非洲、西欧、拉丁美洲的 16 个文化群体中进行衡量，并将这些群体与北美的群体进行对比。预计各群体之间在实现其所需的独立和相互依存的文化状态所采用的策略方面将存在巨大分歧。预计西​​方与非西方的核心特征将有所不同，而非西方的次要特征将相对较多。实验测试将包括旨在产生独立性或相互依赖性的启动操作，以测试它们对附属功能的后续影响。结果将揭示文化群体如何利用社会互动方式来产生独立和相互依存。该项目将促进我们对跨文化互动的理解，并提供对人类心理学的更全面的看法。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Behavioral adjustment moderates the effect of neuroticism on brain volume relative to intracranial volume

行为调整调节神经质对脑容量相对于颅内容积的影响

• DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12858
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Journal of Personality
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Yu, Qinggang;Schaefer, Stacey M.;Davidson, Richard J.;Kitayama, Shinobu
• 通讯作者: Kitayama, Shinobu

Varieties of interdependence and the emergence of the Modern West: Toward the globalizing of psychology.

相互依存的多样性和现代西方的出现：走向心理学的全球化。

• DOI: 10.1037/amp0001073
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: American Psychologist
• 影响因子: 16.4
• 作者: Kitayama, Shinobu;Salvador, Cristina E.;Nanakdewa, Kevin;Rossmaier, Amelie;San Martin, Alvaro;Savani, Krishna
• 通讯作者: Savani, Krishna

Adherence to emotion norms is greater in individualist cultures than in collectivist cultures.

在个人主义文化中比在集体主义文化中更能遵守情感规范。

• DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000409
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
• 影响因子: 7.6
• 作者: Vishkin, Allon;Kitayama, Shinobu;Berg, Martha K.;Diener, Ed;Gross;Ben;Tamir, Maya
• 通讯作者: Tamir, Maya

Culture and the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Multiple Mechanisms and Policy Implications

文化与 COVID-19 大流行：多重机制和政策影响

• DOI: 10.1111/sipr.12080
• 发表时间: 2022-01-01
• 期刊: Social Issues and Policy Review
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: S. Kitayama;Nicholas P. Camp;Cristina E. Salvador
• 通讯作者: Cristina E. Salvador