Collaborative Research: The aerodynamic and metabolic costs and benefits of flow interactions in bird flight

合作研究：鸟类飞行中流动相互作用的空气动力学和代谢成本和效益

• 批准号: 1930886
• 负责人: Tyson Hedrick
• 金额: $ 33.94万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1930886&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; aerodynamic; metabolic; costs

Recent field studies of flight mechanics in birds of several types and sizes have revealed more use of environmental energy (e.g. gusts, wakes and updrafts) to power flight than was previously believed to be the case. However, because the detailed studies of the aerodynamics, flight costs and flight mechanics of birds have been carried out in wind tunnels with smooth, steady air flow, little is known about how birds take advantage of unsteady flow patterns. In this project the researchers will fill this gap in understanding by measuring the energetic cost of flight, the aerodynamics, and the flapping motion of birds in a wind tunnel, comparing smooth flow conditions to 4 different unsteady flow cases. This study will also test the use of body-mounted accelerometers to serve as a proxy measure of the energetic cost of flight over the same wide range of flow conditions, enabling more accurate field studies. This research will add to basic understanding of aerodynamics in unsteady flows and the ecology and evolution of small birds. Pursuing this project requires an interdisciplinary combination of biology and engineering. To further the educational goals of this project, it includes a Research Experience for Undergraduates component. In this sub-program, Biology and Engineering undergraduates from around the nation apply for a summer research fellowship to work on the project. Selected students will assist with the main project and pursue a sub-project of their own design with the assistance of the rest of the project team.In this project the PI and Co-PIs will apply state-of-the-art metabolic aerodynamic and accelerometry measurements to understand the energetic costs or benefits for interactions between birds and potentially beneficial flow structures, along with the underlying aerodynamic mechanisms that give rise to the metabolic outcomes. Flow patterns will be generated using an actuated airfoil capable of producing organized non-steady flows with independently variable frequency, magnitude and direction, allowing us to precisely delineate potentially beneficial environmental flows. Accelerometry results will be compared to aerodynamic and metabolic results to investigate the feasibility of using accelerometry as a proxy for energy expenditure in flight across a wide range of flight speeds and airflow patterns. Broader impacts from this study focus on a Research Experience for Undergraduates program whereby nationally recruited Biology and Engineering or Physics undergraduates will be trained in interdisciplinary research and collaboration while they assist with the main project goals and, in consultation with the rest of the team, design and execute their own sub-project.This award is co-funded by the BIO-IOS-Physiological Mechanisms and Biomechanics Program and the ENG-CBET-Fluid Dynamics Program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

最近对几种类型和尺寸的鸟类飞行力学的现场研究表明，与以前认为的情况相比，环境能量（例如阵风，唤醒和上升气流）的使用更多。但是，由于对空气动力学的详细研究，鸟类的飞行成本和飞行力学是在平稳，稳定的空气流动的风隧道中进行的，因此鲜为人知的鸟类如何利用不稳定的流动模式。在这个项目中，研究人员将通过测量飞行的能量成本，空气动力学和鸟类在风洞中的拍打运动来填补这一空白，从而将平滑流动条件与4种不同的不稳定流动案例进行比较。这项研究还将测试体内安装的加速度计的使用，以作为在相同广泛的流动条件下飞行成本的替代度量，从而实现了更准确的现场研究。这项研究将增加对不稳定流动的空气动力学的基本理解以及小鸟的生态和进化。追求该项目需要生物学和工程学的跨学科组合。为了实现该项目的教育目标，它包括针对本科生组成部分的研究经验。在这个子计划中，来自全国各地的生物学和工程本科生申请了夏季研究奖学金，以在该项目上工作。选定的学生将在项目团队的其他成员的帮助下协助主要项目，并在项目团队的其余成员的协助下对自己的设计进行了副本，PI和Co-Pis将采用最先进的代谢空气动力学和加速度计量测量值，以了解鸟类之间的互动以及潜在的有益流动结构的互动，以及使企业的相互作用的互动，从而使无效的机构融合了，这使得能够恢复到无处不在的机构。将使用能够产生具有独立频率，幅度和方向的有组织的非态流的致命机翼生成流动模式，从而使我们能够精确地描绘出潜在的有益环境流。将加速度测定结果与空气动力学和代谢结果进行比较，以调查使用加速度计作为跨多种飞行速度和气流模式飞行中能量消耗的代理的可行性。这项研究的更广泛的影响重点是针对本科生的研究经验，在该计划中，全国招募的生物学和工程或物理学本科生将接受跨学科研究和协作的培训，同时他们可以协助主要项目目标，并与团队的其他成员进行咨询，并执行自己的本机制，并执行Bio-Oioshigy机器机器机器机器机器机器机电机机机机器机器机器机器机器机器机器机器机器机器机器机器机器机器机器ENG-CBET-FLUID动力学计划。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得通过评估获得支持。