Collaborative Research: RoL: The rules of life were made to be broken - Connecting physiology, evolutionary ecology, and mathematics to identify a Growth Rate Rule.

合作研究：RoL：生命的规则是用来被打破的 - 连接生理学、进化生态学和数学来确定增长率规则。

• 批准号: 1930816
• 负责人: James Elser
• 金额: $ 160万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-11-15 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1930816&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RoL; rules; life

All organisms are made up of the same set of chemical elements such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), although there are differences in the proportions of these elements among species. Such diversity affects the roles organisms play in key ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. However, scientists don't yet have a complete understanding of the biological rules that dictate the proportions of C, N, and P in living things. One hypothesis is that C:N:P proportions are a function of how fast an organism grows because, to grow fast, organisms must produce P-rich structures to drive rapid construction of cellular materials. While various data support this view, other studies do not and so researchers do not yet know when this "growth rate rule" holds and when it doesn't. This project will subject three species (a bacterium, an alga, and a crustacean) to a variety of environmental and evolutionary conditions to see when C:N:P proportions of each organism follow this "growth rate rule" and when they don't. The research team will also build mathematical models of these processes to predict what happens when organisms that do (or do not) follow the growth rate rule interact with each other. The proposed research will advance scientific understanding how food webs and ecosystems work and improve predictions of how they respond to perturbations, including increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from agriculture and sewage. Furthermore, to help develop a broadly trained scientific work force, the project will partner with local tribal communities to engage Native American undergraduate students in the research.This project seeks to establish the conditions under which there is or is not a close coupling among growth rate, C:N:P ratios, and cellular allocation to P-rich ribosomes in three taxa: Pseudomonas putida (a heterotrophic bacterium), Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (a photosynthetic alga), and Daphnia pulicaria (a crustacean consumer). First, Pseudomonas, Chlamydomonas, and Daphnia will be grown under limitation by key non-substitutable resources (energy, N, P). Associations among growth, biomass, excretion and remineralization C:N:P stoichiometry, cellular RNA and protein contents, and metabolic rates will be quantified. These measurements will be used to develop mathematical models of these cellular processes. Next, the project will complete a series of evolution experiments, subjecting Pseudomonas, Chlamydomonas, and Daphnia to selection under limitation by different resources. The resulting descendants will be assessed as in the first component of the project. Then, the descendants will be used in ecological experiments to evaluate how evolutionary responses affect ecological processes. Finally, results from these experiments will be used to develop and test new mathematical models of ecological and evolutionary dynamics. The proposed work will produce several resources for use by the scientific community, including data on physiological and transcriptomic responses of three model organisms to ecological challenges as well as a repository of selected lines that will be shared with colleagues. The project will produce uniquely trained postdoctoral researchers, graduate students, and undergraduates with expertise in many disciplines, including genomics, physiology, ecology, evolution, and mathematics. If successful, the project will advance our understanding of biological systems from genes to ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

所有生物都由相同的化学元素组成，例如碳（C），氮（N）和磷（P），尽管这些元素在物种之间存在差异。这种多样性会影响生物在关键生态系统服务（例如碳固化和营养循环）中发挥作用的作用。但是，科学家还没有完全了解生物中C，N和P比例的生物学规则。一种假设是，C：N：P比例是生物体生长的函数，因为要快速生长，生物必须产生富含P的结构才能驱动细胞材料的快速构造。尽管各种数据支持此观点，但其他研究却没有，因此研究人员尚不知道“增长率规则”何时成立以及何时没有。该项目将使三种物种（一种细菌，一个藻类和甲壳类动物）处于各种环境和进化条件下，以查看何时c：n：p比例的每种生物的比例遵循此“生长速率规则”以及何时不遵守。研究团队还将构建这些过程的数学模型，以预测当遵循增长率规则相互作用（或不）相互相互作用的生物时会发生什么。拟议的研究将促进科学理解食品网和生态系统如何运作，并改善对它们对扰动的反应的预测，包括增加大气中的二氧化碳浓度以及氮和农业和污水污染的氮和磷污染的投入。 Furthermore, to help develop a broadly trained scientific work force, the project will partner with local tribal communities to engage Native American undergraduate students in the research.This project seeks to establish the conditions under which there is or is not a close coupling among growth rate, C:N:P ratios, and cellular allocation to P-rich ribosomes in three taxa: Pseudomonas putida (a heterotrophic bacterium),衣原体Reinhardtii（光合藻类）和Daphnia pulicaria（甲壳类动物消费者）。首先，假单胞菌，衣原体和达芙尼亚将受到关键的非基本资源（Energy，n，p）的限制。生长，生物量，排泄和回忆性C：N：P化学计量，细胞RNA和蛋白质含量以及代谢率之间的关联。这些测量将用于开发这些细胞过程的数学模型。接下来，该项目将完成一系列的进化实验，对假单胞菌，衣原体和水达尼亚进行对不同资源的限制。所得的后代将与项目的第一个组成部分进行评估。然后，后代将用于生态实验中，以评估进化反应如何影响生态过程。最后，这些实验的结果将用于开发和测试生态和进化动力学的新数学模型。拟议的工作将产生几种资源，以供科学界使用，包括三种模型生物对生态挑战的生理和转录组响应的数据，以及将与同事共享的选定线的存储库。该项目将在许多学科中具有专业知识，包括基因组学，生理学，生态学，进化和数学，生产受过独特训练的博士后研究人员，研究生和本科生。 如果成功的话，该项目将使我们对生物系统的理解从基因到生态系统。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。