Collaborative Research: BEE: Understanding Evolutionary Rescue

合作研究：BEE：理解进化拯救

基本信息

批准号：
1930222
负责人：
Brett Melbourne
金额：
$ 29.98万
依托单位：
University of Colorado at Boulder
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-11-01 至 2024-10-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1930222&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research BEE Understanding Evolutionary

项目摘要

This research will explore how evolution can rescue a population from extinction due to drastic changes in the environment. When those changes are rapid, the plants, animals, and other organisms living in a place can go extinct, particularly when populations are small and movement between them is difficult. Under some circumstances, rapid adaptation to altered conditions can allow those small populations to grow and avoid extinction. This project focuses on the factors that determine whether populations adapt and persist or go extinct including: the size of the place, the size of the population, the amount of genetic variation a population has, and whether movement between places is possible or not. Given rapid environmental changes that are occurring worldwide, the information gained will be crucial for successful management of both endangered species and invasive pests. Undergraduate and graduate students will be involved in the research, and outreach to the public through the Colorado State University Bug Zoo will enhance societal understanding of conservation and species management.Theory and experiments show that adaptation can be rapid enough to prevent or delay extinctions: the process of evolutionary rescue. Most empirical studies of evolutionary rescue use haploid microorganisms. However, the species most at risk of extinction are larger diploid organisms. In these species, the standing genetic variation of deleterious alleles is high, and populations are often small, favoring drift and inbreeding relative to selection. Theoretical and empirical studies of rescue often fail to account for randomness in ecological processes or for processes that can inhibit population growth, such as density dependence, genetic drift, and inbreeding, which counter the effects of adaptive evolution. Using a model biological system (Tribolium castaneum flour beetles) the researchers will conduct experiments that manipulate population history, size, density, dispersal rate, and dispersal source, compared to non-evolving controls, and will examine consequences for fitness, extinction, and genomic diversity. The experiments will be paired with new, combined ecological and evolutionary models that will facilitate quantifying experimental results and allow the research to be generalized to other species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究将探讨如何由于环境的急剧变化而导致的人群如何免于灭绝。当这些变化迅速时，植物，动物和其他生活在一个地方的生物可能会灭绝，尤其是当种群较小并且它们之间的运动很困难时。在某些情况下，快速适应改变的条件可以使这些小人口增长并避免灭绝。该项目的重点是确定人口是否适应和持久或灭绝的因素，包括：地点的大小，人口的大小，人口所拥有的遗传变异量以及位置之间的运动是否可能。鉴于全世界正在发生的快速环境变化，获得的信息对于成功管理濒危物种和侵入性害虫至关重要。本科生和研究生将参与研究，并通过科罗拉多州立大学的虫子动物园向公众推广将增强对保护和物种管理的社会理解。理论和实验表明，适应性可以足够快地预防或延迟灭绝：进化救援的过程。进化救援使用单倍体微生物的大多数经验研究。但是，灭绝风险最大的物种是较大的二倍体生物。在这些物种中，有害等位基因的常规遗传变异很高，种群通常很小，相对于选择而言，有利于漂移和近亲繁殖。救援的理论和实证研究通常无法解释生态过程中的随机性或可以抑制人口增长的过程，例如密度依赖性，遗传漂移和近交，这与适应性进化的影响相反。研究人员将使用模型的生物系统（Tribolium castaneum castaneum面粉甲虫）进行实验，以操纵种群历史，大小，密度，分散率和分散来源，与非进化控制相比，将检查对适应性，灭绝和基因组多样性的后果。实验将与新的，结合的生态和进化模型配对，这些模型将有助于量化实验结果并允许将研究推广到其他物种。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准通过评估来通过评估来获得支持的。