High Resolution Observing of Arctic Net Community Productivity with Ships of Opportunity

利用机会之船对北极网络社区生产力进行高分辨率观测

• 批准号: 1928684
• 负责人: Laurie Juranek
• 金额: $ 57.67万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1928684&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Resolution; Observing; Arctic; Net; Community; Resolution; Observing; Arctic; Net; Community

The Arctic is warming at roughly twice the pace of the rest of the globe, leading to pronounced changes to the environment. These changes include declining sea-ice extent and a longer period in summer when large swaths of the Arctic Ocean are ice-free, both of which have the potential to influence growth of microscopic plants at the base of Arctic Ocean ecosystems. Shifts in timing, location, or amount of growth will have consequences for organisms higher up the food chain, with potential to impact vital subsistence and cultural resources for Indigenous populations that inhabit Arctic coastlines. In addition, Arctic ecosystems help to facilitate the transfer of carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere into deep ocean waters, which helps to reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. This project is aimed at characterizing patterns of phytoplankton growth and how they might be influenced by Arctic change. While many aspects of Arctic system responses to warming can be monitored remotely with satellites or moored sensors, observations of integrated ocean ecosystem response have historically been less tractable to obtain at needed scales. This observing gap is a hindrance to understanding and modeling the potential implications of physical system change for carbon and energy flows through Arctic ecosystems, and to understanding how biologically-facilitated exchange of carbon between atmosphere and ocean might change in the future. This project will directly address this observing gap. A high-resolution dissolved gas tracer approach (O2/Ar) will be used to constrain rates of net community productivity (NCP), an important metric of ecosystem function and biologically-facilitated air-sea CO2 exchange, at unprecedented space and time resolution throughout the Pacific-influenced Arctic on ships of opportunity. The project will augment flow-through surface seawater systems of vessels already conducting research in the Pacific Arctic region with instruments to obtain O2/Ar-based NCP at sub-kilometer scale resolution with minimal impact to other science activities. This high-resolution coverage will enable identification of processes that are important in controlling net growth patterns throughout the study area. To expand spatial and temporal coverage of biological rate information, the project will target data collection efforts on three cruises per year over a four-year period. Initially, data acquisition will require a dedicated technician sailing with the instrument, but a secondary project goal is to optimize instrumentation and protocols such that future data could be collected in a near-unattended mode, similar to the strategy that has greatly facilitated the rapid expansion of global observations of air-sea CO2 flux. A special emphasis will be placed on rapid dissemination of data collected over the course of the project to maximize synergies with other funded research in the region.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

北极的变暖大约是全球其他地方的两倍，导致了对环境的明显变化。这些变化包括海冰范围的下降和夏季的较长时期，当时大片北极海洋不含冰，这两者都有可能影响微观植物在北极海洋生态系统底部的生长。 定时，位置或增长量的变化将对较高食物链的生物产生后果，并可能影响居住在北极海岸线的土著人口的重要生计和文化资源。此外，北极生态系统有助于促进二氧化碳从大气中转移到深海水域，这有助于降低大气中的二氧化碳水平。该项目的目的是表征浮游植物增长的模式，以及它们如何受北极变化的影响。虽然可以用卫星或系泊传感器远程监测北极系统对变暖的响应的许多方面，但历史上对综合海洋生态系统响应的观察是无法在所需的尺度上获得的。这种观察差距是理解和建模物理系统对通过北极生态系统的碳和能量流的潜在影响的障碍，以及了解生物学上实现碳在大气和海洋之间的碳交换如何在未来发生变化。该项目将直接解决这一观察差距。高分辨率溶解的气体示踪剂方法（O2/AR）将用于限制净社区生产率（NCP）的速率，这是生态系统功能的重要指标以及在整个Pacific Pacific侵害的机遇中，在没有预见的空间和时间分辨率上，在没有预见的空间和时间分辨率上。该项目将增强已经在太平洋北极地区进行研究的船只的流动水面海水系统，并使用仪器以亚公里计尺度分辨率获得基于O2/AR的NCP，对其他科学活动的影响最小。 这种高分辨率的覆盖范围将鉴定在控制整个研究领域的净生长模式中很重要的过程。为了扩大生物利率信息的空间和时间覆盖范围，该项目将在四年内每年针对每年三次巡航的数据收集工作。最初，数据采集将需要使用该仪器进行专门的技术人员航行，但是次要项目的目标是优化仪器和协议，以便可以在近乎无关的模式下收集未来的数据，类似于这种策略，该策略极大地促进了空气SEA CO2 Flux全球观察结果的快速扩展。在项目过程中收集的数据的快速传播将特别重视与该地区的其他资助研究最大化的协同作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来评估的支持。