RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS, AND GLOBALIZATION MEASUREMENT: A WORKSHOP

研究与开发、全球价值链和全球化衡量：研讨会

• 批准号: 1923018
• 负责人: Gail Cohen
• 金额: $ 36.46万
• 依托单位: National Academy of Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1923018&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RESEARCH; DEVELOPMENT; GLOBAL; VALUE; CHAINS

In recent decades, production processes of final products have been increasingly fragmented across countries in what is called global value chains (GVCs). Production of intermediate goods or services is increasingly outsourced to a foreign affiliate, in the case of multinational companies, or to unrelated companies. Estimates are that about 70 percent of all global trade is in these intermediate goods and services. This increased use of global value chains poses challenges for our statistical system. While National Statistical Organizations collect a great deal of information on economic performance, trade, employment, and foreign direct investment, this information cannot always be used to quantify the international linkages and flows that characterize these cross-border transactions, especially those related to research and development (R&D) or software. The project will convene a 2-day workshop in which a diverse group of experts will address issues concerning the measurement of R&D in the context of GVCs. The long-term objective of the workshop is to help improve the quality of published statistics relevant to R&D and GVCs, and thereby advance understanding of the impacts of GVCs on employment, innovation, global competitiveness, and other economic issues. More accurate and complete characterization of economic activity and economic health will improve governments' capabilities for assessing current and prospective economic policies, the nature of R&D in GVCs and the overall role companies play in it, and any national security implications of the current or prospective landscape. Workshop participants will include experts from the U.S. and abroad in fields such as industrial organization, international trade, and the accounting/taxation of multinational enterprises, as well as staff from (U.S. and foreign) national statistical offices. Original research will be commissioned in advance of the workshop. The workshop will include short panel discussions of the commissioned papers followed by interactive sessions facilitated by key stakeholders. Workshop sessions will guide participants to integrate theoretical and disciplinary perspectives on R&D and GVCs, highlight gaps and inconsistencies in the current measurement of R&D in GVCs, evaluate ongoing efforts to address these gaps, examine national and international manuals used to provide statistical guidance on measurements of R&D and globalization, and identify and prioritize potential improvements in data collection and analysis, among other topics. Workshop outputs will include: (i) the set of research papers solicited in advance of the meeting; and (ii) a Proceedings of the presentations and discussions that summarizes key issues raised during the meeting, including possible strategies for collaboration among U.S. statistical agencies regarding measurement of global R&D and avenues for international collaboration to update statistical manuals related to globalization and R&D.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

近几十年来，最终产品的生产过程在所谓的全球价值链（GVC）中越来越分散。在跨国公司或不相关的公司的情况下，中间商品或服务的生产越来越多地外包给外国会员。估计在这些中间商品和服务中，全球所有贸易中约有70％。越来越多的全球价值链的使用给我们的统计系统带来了挑战。尽管国家统计组织收集了有关经济绩效，贸易，就业和外国直接投资的大量信息，但不能始终使用此信息来量化这些跨境交易的特征，尤其是与研发（R＆D）或软件相关的跨境交易的国际联系和流动。该项目将召集为期2天的研讨会，其中一群专家将解决有关在GVC中衡量研发的问题。研讨会的长期目标是帮助提高与研发和GVC相关的已发表统计数据的质量，从而提高对GVC对就业，创新，全球竞争力和其他经济问题的影响的了解。对经济活动和经济健康的更准确和完整的表征将提高政府评估当前和预期经济政策的能力，GVC中的研发性质以及公司在IT中扮演的整体角色以及当前或预期格局的任何国家安全含义。研讨会的参与者将包括来自美国和国外的专家，例如工业组织，国际贸易以及跨国企业的会计/税收以及（美国和外国）国家统计局的员工。原始研究将在研讨会之前进行委托。该研讨会将包括有关委托论文的简短讨论，然后进行主要利益相关者促进的互动会议。 Workshop sessions will guide participants to integrate theoretical and disciplinary perspectives on R&D and GVCs, highlight gaps and inconsistencies in the current measurement of R&D in GVCs, evaluate ongoing efforts to address these gaps, examine national and international manuals used to provide statistical guidance on measurements of R&D and globalization, and identify and prioritize potential improvements in data collection and analysis, among other topics.研讨会的输出将包括：（i）会议前征求的研究论文集； （ii）汇总会议期间提出的关键问题的演讲和讨论的程序，包括有关在美国统计机构之间进行协作的可能策略，以衡量全球研发和国际合作途径，以更新与全球化的统计手册和R＆R＆R＆D相关的统计手册，并反映了NSF的法定任务和综述的范围，这是通过评估的范围来进行评估的。