Collaborative Research: Characterizing the genetics of seasonal animal migration

合作研究：描述季节性动物迁徙的遗传学特征

• 批准号: 1922624
• 负责人: Marcus Kronforst
• 金额: $ 68.96万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1922624&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Characterizing; genetics; seasonal

Many animals undergo long-distance seasonal migrations to escape deteriorating habitats, colonize new resources or escape natural enemies. Animal migration has major impacts on the ecology and evolution of migrating species as well as on ecosystem functioning. Despite the importance of animal migration, the genetics underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. This project will characterize the genetic architecture of seasonal migration, using monarch butterflies as a model system. Because many of the traits related to migration are shared with other species, this work will also greatly advance our general understanding of animal migration. There is also a pressing need to understand the genetics of monarch migration. The population size of eastern migratory monarchs has dwindled over the last few decades, and it has been suggested that this spectacular phenomenon may disappear in the near future. A thorough understanding of monarch migration genetics must be achieved in order to determine whether monarch migration is at risk of extinction, and whether non-migratory populations could potentially re-evolve migration to supplement the dwindling North American population. This project will also have a variety of broader impacts, including the training of students and post-doctoral researchers, and outreach activities at public schools, science centers, and monarch butterfly festivals.Seasonal migration occurs widely across the animal kingdom, but a comprehensive understanding of migration genetics is lacking for any species. Migration is not a single trait, but is better described as a syndrome that includes a variety of traits, including those involved in metabolism, development, sensory processing and reproduction. Monarch butterflies are well suited to study migration because of their naturally occurring variation in migratory phenotypes, and the growing availability of genetic tools in this species. Monarchs are best known for their spectacular annual migration in eastern North America, during which millions of monarchs fly from the US and Canada to overwintering sites in Mexico. What is less appreciated is that monarchs west of the Rocky Mountains undergo a shorter migration to the California coast, and that monarchs have formed non-migratory populations around the world. This project will capitalize on this naturally occurring variation in migration phenotypes to obtain a comprehensive view of the genetics of migration. To do this, the researchers will perform genetic crosses between migratory and non-migratory monarchs and quantify phenotypic traits related to migration in parental and F2 generations. They will re-sequence monarch genomes, perform Quantitative Trait Locus mapping and use targeted genome editing to: (1) identify genomic regions and genes associated with migration phenotypes; (2) characterize behavior and genetics associated with divergent migration distances; and (3) functionally test candidate migration genes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多动物经历了长途季节性迁移，以逃避恶化的栖息地，殖民新的资源或逃脱自然敌人。动物迁移对迁移物种以及生态系统功能的生态和演变产生了重大影响。尽管动物迁移很重要，但这种现象的基础遗传学仍然很少理解。该项目将使用君主蝴蝶作为模型系统来表征季节性迁移的遗传结构。由于与移民有关的许多特征都与其他物种共享，因此这项工作还将大大提高我们对动物迁移的一般理解。还需要了解君主迁移的遗传学。在过去的几十年中，东方迁徙君主的人口规模逐渐减少，有人提出这种壮观的现象可能在不久的将来消失。为了确定君主迁移是否有灭绝的风险，以及非迁移人口是否有可能重新进化迁移以补充北美人口减少，必须对君主迁移遗传学有透彻的理解。该项目还将产生各种更广泛的影响，包括对学生和博士后研究人员的培训，以及在公立学校，科学中心和君主蝴蝶节上进行的外展活动。季节迁移在整个动物王国中广泛发生，但是对任何物种的迁移遗传学都缺乏对移民遗传学的全面了解。迁移不是一个单一的特征，而是更好地描述为包括各种特征的综合征，包括参与新陈代谢，发展，感觉处理和繁殖的特征。君主蝴蝶非常适合研究迁移，因为它们在迁移表型中的自然变化以及该物种中遗传工具的可用性日益增长。君主以其在北美东部的壮观年度移民而闻名，在此期间，数以百万计的君主从美国和加拿大飞往墨西哥越冬地点。不太赞赏的是，洛矶山脉以西的君主经历了较短的迁移到加利福尼亚海岸，而君主在世界各地形成了非迁移人口。该项目将利用这种自然发生的迁移表型变化，以获得对迁移遗传学的全面看法。为此，研究人员将在迁移和非迁移君主之间进行遗传杂交，并量化与父母和F2世代迁移有关的表型特征。他们将重新序列君主基因组，执行定量性状基因座映射，并使用靶向基因组编辑：（1）识别与迁移表型相关的基因组区域和基因； （2）表征与迁移距离不同的行为和遗传学； （3）在功能上测试候选迁移基因。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准的评估值得支持的。

项目成果

The roles of hybridization and habitat fragmentation in the evolution of Brazil’s enigmatic longwing butterflies, Heliconius nattereri and H. hermathena

• DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00797-1
• 发表时间: 2020-07
• 期刊: BMC Biology
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Darli Massardo;Nicholas W. VanKuren;Sumitha Nallu;R. R. Ramos-R.;Pedro G. Ribeiro;K. L. Silva-Brandão;M. Brandão;M. Lion;A. Freitas;M. Cardoso;M. Kronforst

The evolution and genetics of sexually dimorphic ‘dual’ mimicry in the butterfly Elymnias hypermnestra

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2192
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Royal Society B
• 作者: Dee M. Ruttenberg;Nicholas W. VanKuren;Sumitha Nallu;S. Yen;D. Peggie;David J. Lohman;M. Kronforst

Migration behaviour of commercial monarchs reared outdoors and wild-derived monarchs reared indoors

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1326
• 发表时间: 2020-08-12
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: Tenger-Trolander, Ayse;Kronforst, Marcus R.
• 通讯作者: Kronforst, Marcus R.

Migration genetics take flight: genetic and genomic insights into monarch butterfly migration

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101079
• 发表时间: 2023-07-24
• 期刊: CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Freedman，Micah G.;Kronforst，Marcus R.
• 通讯作者: Kronforst，Marcus R.

Are eastern and western monarch butterflies distinct populations? A review of evidence for ecological, phenotypic, and genetic differentiation and implications for conservation

• DOI: 10.1111/csp2.432
• 发表时间: 2021-05-02
• 期刊: CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Freedman, Micah G.;Roode, Jacobus C.;Crone, Elizabeth E.
• 通讯作者: Crone, Elizabeth E.