Collaborative Research: Characterizing Atmospheric Tropical-waves of the Lower Stratosphere with Reel-down Atmospheric Temperature Sensing for Strateole-2--RATS Chasing CATS!

合作研究：利用 Strateole-2 的卷轴大气温度传感来表征平流层下部的大气热带波——RATS 追逐 CATS！

• 批准号: 2335082
• 负责人: Martina Bramberger
• 金额: $ 44.44万
• 依托单位: NorthWest Research Associates, Incorporated
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-03-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2335082&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Characterizing; Atmospheric; Tropical

This award supports the continued participation of the Principal Investigators (PIs) in the Strateole-2 field campaign, organized by the French space agency (CNES, for Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) and the Laboratory for Dynamic Meteorology (LMD) at the University of Paris-Saclay. The campaign makes observations of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), the layer of the atmosphere from roughly 14km to 18km between the tropical troposphere and stratosphere, using balloons designed to float at a constant altitude for flights of up to 3 months. The balloons are launched from the Seychelles and float around the equator just above the top of the TTL or in the lower stratosphere at an altitude near 20km. Strateole-2 was planned as a set of three deployments, a preliminary engineering deployment with 8 balloon flights followed by two science deployments with 20 flights each. The first two deployments took place in 2019 and 2021 and funds for the PIs' participation in these deployments were provided through AGS-1642277. The third deployment is scheduled to begin in October 2025.Funds provided here support the development and deployment of a new instrument with the acronym RATS, for Reel-down Atmospheric Temperature Sensor. Roughly speaking RATS is a thermometer lowered on a long tether below a balloon gondola which contains a second thermometer. The difference in temperature between the two thermometers can be used to detect gravity waves, atmospheric waves similar to ocean surface waves only they can propagate vertically as well as horizontally. RATS can detect gravity waves because the up and down motions of the waves cause cooling and warming, thus the difference in temperature between two appropriately separated thermometers can record the passage of a wave. The title of the proposal refers to the use of the RATS thermometers for the Characterization of Atmospheric Tropical waves of the lower Stratosphere (CATS).Motivation for the work comes from the role of gravity waves in driving the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the reversal in zonal wind direction over the equator that begins in the upper stratosphere and descends to the tropopause over a period slightly longer than two years. The QBO matters for subseasonal weather prediction because it has been linked to modes of climate variability that influence weather around the world. Models used for weather prediction have difficulty capturing the QBO, in part because the waves that drive it have wavelengths that are smaller than typical model grid spacings, particularly in the vertical. RATS can detect waves with vertical wavelengths between 2 and 30 times the distance between the two thermometers, which is set to either 200m or 300m to capture wavelengths from 400m to 6km or 600m to 9km. The longer wavelengths can be resolved by operational models and thus compared with the model output while the shorter ones are unresolved.The award covers the development of the RATS hardware, which includes a Lower Measuring Unit (LMU) containing a thermometer (developed by CNES) along with an RS41 radiosonde sensor module (from Vaisala) to measures temperature, humidity, and pressure, and a GPS receiver for determining position. The LMU is raised and lowered using a spool and pulley system that allows it to be docked to the gondola for launch and reeled down when the balloon reaches its flight altitude. The gondola contains a second thermometer along with a barometer and GPS receiver.The work is of societal interest given the prospects for better long-range weather predictions through improved representation of the wave driving of the QBO. The Strateole-2 field campaign involves collaborations with two operational weather prediction centers, thereby providing a connection from research to operations. All field campaign data is made available to the global research community to pursue additional research topics on TTL physics and dynamics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持由法国航天局（CNES，中心国家D'Etudes Spatiales）和帕里斯 - 帕里斯 - 萨克莱大学（University of Paris-Saclay）组织的首席研究人员（PIS）在法国航天局（CNES，CNES National d'Etudes Spatiales）和动态气象学（LMD）实验室组织的Strateo-2现场运动。该运动使观察热带对流层层层（TTL），这是在热带对流层和平流层之间的大气层从大约14公里到18公里的大气层，使用了气球，该气球设计用于在恒定的高度上漂浮，可在恒定的高度上飞行3个月。 气球是从塞舌尔发射的，并漂浮在TTL顶部上方的赤道上，或者在20公里处的高度处的下层平流层上发射。 Startole-2计划是一组三个部署，这是一个初步的工程部署，其中8个气球飞行，然后是两次科学部署，每次飞行20次飞行。前两个部署于2019年和2021年进行，PIS参与这些部署的资金由AGS-1642277提供。 第三个部署计划于2025年10月开始。此处提供的基金支持使用首字母缩写大鼠开发和部署新的仪器，以用于卷轴大气温度传感器。 粗略的大鼠是在气球缆车下方的长系绳上降低的温度计，其中包含第二个温度计。两个温度计之间的温度差异可用于检测重力波，大气波类似于海面波，只有它们可以垂直和水平传播。大鼠可以检测重力波，因为波的向上和向下运动会导致冷却和变暖，因此两个适当分离的温度计之间温度的差异可以记录波的通过。该提案的标题是指使用大鼠温度计来表征下层平流层（猫）的大气热带波动。工作的动力来自重力波在驱动准生物 - 生物振荡（QBO）中的作用 年。 QBO对于中季天气预测很重要，因为它与影响世界各地天气的气候变异性模式有关。 用于天气预测的模型很难捕获QBO，部分原因是驱动其波长的波长小于典型的模型网格间距，尤其是在垂直方面。 大鼠可以检测垂直波长在两个温度计之间距离的2到30倍之间的波，该波长设置为200m或300m，以捕获从400m到6公里或600m至9km的波长。 The longer wavelengths can be resolved by operational models and thus compared with the model output while the shorter ones are unresolved.The award covers the development of the RATS hardware, which includes a Lower Measuring Unit (LMU) containing a thermometer (developed by CNES) along with an RS41 radiosonde sensor module (from Vaisala) to measures temperature, humidity, and pressure, and a GPS receiver for determining position. 使用线轴和滑轮系统升高并降低LMU，该系统使其被停靠到吊船以进行发射，并在气球达到其飞行高度时将其放下。 缆车包含第二个温度计以及晴雨表和GPS接收器。这项工作具有社会兴趣，鉴于通过改善QBO的波驱动的表示，可以改善远程天气预测的前景。 Startole-2现场活动涉及与两个运营天气预测中心的合作，从而提供了从研究到运营的联系。 所有现场活动数据均可供全球研究界探讨有关TTL物理和动态的其他研究主题。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估审查标准通过评估来获得支持的。