Outsourcing Attention Management to Human and Artificial Agents in Organizations

将注意力管理外包给组织中的人类和人工代理

基本信息

批准号：
1922266
负责人：
Paul Leonardi
金额：
$ 34.76万
依托单位：
University of California-Santa Barbara
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-10-01 至 2023-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1922266&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Outsourcing Attention Management Human Artificial

项目摘要

As the capabilities of artificial intelligence advance, organizations are faced with new opportunities to outsource tasks and decisions about their practices to machines. The introduction of artificially intelligent (AI) assistants to workplaces and their effect on organizational performance has garnered both excitement and concern. While some executives praise AI and laud its value as a solution for organizational problems, other workers fear that artificial intelligence will threaten and displace their work. This study avoids such generalizations by focusing on how the use of artificially intelligent agents in scheduling shapes how managers direct their attention, which in turn shapes organizational performance and the economy at large. Understanding these processes is important because of the broad consequences that entrusting attention management to AI will have, from influencing innovation to enabling or inhibiting organizational learning by affecting the knowledge to which organizations have access. The findings of the study will shape our understanding of what work technology is equipped to do, how organizational members should be trained to work with AI, and how to mitigate unintended consequences of using AI to guide our decision making.This project investigates how decisions about time and attention are outsourced to both AI and human agents and utilizes ethnographic methods to gather rich interview and observational data from several field sites. In doing so, the study contributes to intellectual conversations in three main areas. First, the findings of this study will help revise existing theoretical work using an attention-based view of the firm to show how other people shape leaders' attention. Second, the findings will develop new theory about the relationship between time and attention. Though existing empirical evidence suggests that decisions about time affect attention allocation, the proposed comparative study will provide greater understanding of the mechanisms through which decisions about time come to bear on attention. Third, the study contributes to the larger area of artificial intelligence and the changing nature of work and organizing. Its findings will illuminate the choices that developers make in designing artificially intelligent technologies and identify the attributes of these tools that organizations should consider when deciding to implement them into their work.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着人工智能能力的进步，组织面临着将有关其实践的任务和决策外包给机器的新机会。人工智能 (AI) 助手在工作场所的引入及其对组织绩效的影响引起了人们的兴奋和担忧。虽然一些高管赞扬人工智能并称赞其作为组织问题解决方案的价值，但其他员工担心人工智能会威胁和取代他们的工作。这项研究通过关注人工智能代理在调度中的使用如何影响管理者如何引导他们的注意力，进而影响组织绩效和整个经济，避免了这种概括。了解这些过程非常重要，因为将注意力管理委托给人工智能会产生广泛的后果，从影响创新到通过影响组织有权访问的知识来促进或抑制组织学习。该研究的结果将塑造我们对工作技术的用途、组织成员应如何接受人工智能使用培训，以及如何减轻使用人工智能指导我们的决策所带来的意外后果的理解。该项目调查了决策如何时间和注意力都外包给人工智能和人类代理，并利用人种学方法从多个现场站点收集丰富的采访和观察数据。在此过程中，这项研究为三个主要领域的知识对话做出了贡献。首先，这项研究的结果将有助于使用基于注意力的公司观点来修正现有的理论工作，以展示其他人如何塑造领导者的注意力。其次，这些发现将发展关于时间和注意力之间关系的新理论。尽管现有的经验证据表明有关时间的决策会影响注意力分配，但拟议的比较研究将更好地理解有关时间的决策对注意力产生影响的机制。第三，这项研究有助于扩大人工智能领域以及改变工作和组织的性质。其研究结果将阐明开发人员在设计人工智能技术时所做的选择，并确定组织在决定将其应用到工作中时应考虑的这些工具的属性。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。