Perceptual and Mnemonic Differences Across Cultures

不同文化之间的感知和记忆差异

基本信息

批准号：
1921644
负责人：
Angela Gutchess
金额：
$ 22.96万
依托单位：
Brandeis University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-15 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1921644&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Perceptual Mnemonic Differences Across Cultures

项目摘要

Does cultural background impact how people perceive the visual world and what they remember? Many assume that psychological processes are universal and not affected by native country or culture. But recently there has been increased appreciation of the ways in which an individual?s background can impact perceptual or memory processes. Prior work on cultural differences has largely considered memory and visual perception as separate processes and most of the work on visual processes has been restricted to evaluating face perception. The current project examines whether cultures differ in the visual features they preferentially perceive: Do they tend to perceive global, overall shape or fine detail? Does culture affect how quickly each type of visual information is processed or whether it dominates conscious experience? Does any difference in perception affect later memory for scenes? These are issues of global importance and will contribute to the development of a globally-minded workforce by exposing students and trainees to cross-cultural research. The investigators will also engage in outreach activities at a diverse local high school. Participating in these outreach activities will also train members of the team in effective scientific outreach and communication.Four experiments will investigate cultural differences in 1) the relative dominance of high versus low spatial frequency information in vision, for stable percepts as well as those that compete dynamically for dominance, 2) brain markers of early attention processes versus markers of expectation or salience, using electroencephalography (EEG), 3) short-term memory, in comparison with perceptual judgments, and 4) measures of sensitivity (i.e., ability to accurately distinguish different types of information) versus response bias (i.e., a tendency to respond in a particular way). Extant models of visual perception and memory were predominantly developed based on the study of "WEIRD" subjects (Western, educated, and from industrialized, rich, and democratic countries). By systematically comparing across cultures, this research project will increase understanding of the interplay of culture, perception, and memory processes in our species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

文化背景是否会影响人们如何看待视觉世界及其记得的内容？许多人认为心理过程是普遍的，不受祖国或文化的影响。但是最近，人们对个人背景会影响感知过程或记忆过程的方式增加了人们的欣赏。关于文化差异的先前工作在很大程度上将记忆和视觉感知视为单独的过程，而视觉过程中的大多数工作都局限于评估面部感知。当前的项目研究了文化在他们优先感知的视觉特征上是否有所不同：他们倾向于感知全球，整体形状还是细节？文化会影响每种类型的视觉信息的处理速度还是它是否主导有意识的体验？感知上有任何差异会影响场景的后续记忆吗？这些是全球重要性的问题，将通过使学生和受训者进行跨文化研究来为全球思维的劳动力发展做出贡献。调查人员还将在当地一所多样化的高中进行外展活动。参加这些宣传活动还将培训团队成员进行有效的科学宣传和沟通。四次实验将调查文化差异1）稳定的感知中，高空间频率信息的相对优势和低空间频率信息的相对优势，稳定的感知以及动态竞争的主导地位，2）使用早期注意力的大脑标记与使用eegecrients equernecripers（eegecepryse）（eeegsagrions）的脑部标记（2）相对的大脑标记（2）感知判断和4）敏感性（即，准确区分不同类型的信息）与响应偏见（即以特定方式响应的趋势）的敏感度度量（即，能够准确区分不同类型的信息）。现有的视觉感知和记忆模型主要是根据对“怪异”主题（西方，受过教育和工业化，富人和民主国家的）的研究开发的。通过系统地比较各种文化，该研究项目将在我们物种中对文化，感知和记忆过程的相互作用的了解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估来支持的。