Collaborative Research: Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Refutation Materials for Promoting Conceptual Change in STEM

合作研究：反驳材料对促进 STEM 概念转变影响的荟萃分析

• 批准号: 1920672
• 负责人: Olusola Adesope
• 金额: $ 25.71万
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-10-01 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1920672&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Meta; Analysis; Effects

Individuals can develop misconceptions from many sources, ranging from incorrect information in online searches to experiences of everyday life. An example is the persistence of thinking that winter happens because the earth is further away from the sun and summer happens because it is closer. (The earth is about the same distance away in both seasons, but the earth's tilt affects the angle at which the sun's rays hit the surface of the northern versus southern hemispheres.) Misconceptions can be very persistent, surviving college physics courses and other educational interventions. One strategy for overcoming misconceptions is the use of refutation materials, which include texts, graphics, videos, and activities. Refutation materials explicitly activate incorrect prior knowledge, prompting the learner to recall their prior incorrect conception at the same time as they process the new correct conception. This co-activation of correct and incorrect models increases the probability that the learner will notice the discrepancies and strive to reconcile them, thus influencing learning. However, some researchers have recently called for caution when using refutation approaches to correct misconceptions because, sometimes when students are presented with certain refutations, they become more entrenched in their misconception. This reaction is called the "backfire effect" and is especially troubling since "just adding knowledge" rarely facilitates conceptual change. It is difficult to determine whether refutation materials will promote conceptual change or further strengthen misconceptions. This proposal aims to enhance STEM literacy by helping STEM educators understand when refutation might be best used to improve STEM knowledge.The goals of this research synthesis are to study 1) the heterogeneity among the average effects of refutation materials on conceptual change and learning in STEM domains and 2) the factors (design, contextual, methodological, etc.) that foster or inhibit the effectiveness of refutation materials. To address this need, the project will use state of the art meta-analytic techniques to comprehensively search for studies about refutation, synthesize the findings, and identify factors that moderate the effects of refutation materials. The project is designed to advance the field and provide teachers, practitioners, and science communicators with a valuable resource by determining what type of refutation materials work, for whom, and under what conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

个人可以从许多来源产生误解，从在线搜索中的不正确信息到日常生活的体验。 一个例子是认为冬天发生的持久性是因为地球距离太阳更远，夏天发生了，因为它更近。 （在两个季节中，地球都距离距离大致相同，但是地球的倾斜会影响太阳射线撞到北半球与南半球的表面的角度。）误解可能非常持久，幸存的大学物理学课程和其他教育干预措施。 克服误解的一种策略是使用反驳材料，其中包括文本，图形，视频和活动。反驳材料明确激活了不正确的先验知识，促使学习者在处理新的正确概念的同时回想起他们先前的不正确概念。正确和不正确模型的这种共同激活增加了学习者注意到差异并努力调和它们的可能性，从而影响了学习。但是，一些研究人员最近在使用驳斥方法纠正误解时谨慎行事，因为有时在学生进行某些反驳时，他们会变得更加根深蒂固。该反应称为“反火效应”，尤其令人不安，因为“仅添加知识”很少有助于概念上的变化。很难确定反驳材料是会促进概念变化还是进一步加强误解。该建议旨在通过帮助STEM教育者了解何时最好使用反驳来提高STEM素养。该研究综合的目标是研究1）反驳材料对STEM领域概念变化和学习的平均影响的异质性，以及2）因素（设计，上下文，方法论等），从而促进或抑制反思材料的有效性。为了满足这一需求，该项目将使用最先进的荟萃分析技术来全面搜索有关反驳，综合发现的研究，并确定缓和反驳材料影响的因素。该项目旨在通过确定哪种类型的驳斥材料工作，并在哪些条件下为教师，从业人员和科学传播者提供宝贵的资源，并为教师，从业人员和科学传播者提供宝贵的资源。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准来通过评估来通过评估来支持的。