NSFDEB-NERC: The origin of reproductive parasitism in the Amazon Molly

NSFDEB-NERC：亚马逊莫莉生殖寄生的起源

• 批准号: 1916519
• 负责人: Ingo Schlupp
• 金额: $ 59.34万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1916519&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSFDEB; NERC; origin; reproductive; parasitism

This project will examine how complex traits evolve by exploring an apparent reproductive paradox. The vast majority of species have two sexes and both are needed to reproduce. But one mode of reproduction, gynogenesis, seems to combine a seemingly impossible combination of traits. In this mode, eggs have to be fertilized by males of a different species, but the genes provided by males are not incorporated into the offspring so that the resulting offspring are genetically identical to their mothers. This reproductive mode requires the evolution of several important evolutionary changes: rejection of the father's DNA, the loss of males, and the formation of diploid eggs. Large transitions in a single evolutionary step is highly unlikely, but this is the prevailing explanation. In the proposed project, the researchers will form a synthetic gynogenetic species by replicating the evolutionary pathway that led to the origin of the fish, the Amazon molly. Mathematical models will guide experiments that cross existing species and their hybrids. This research also will provide outreach to the public via workshops and training opportunities for multiple young scientists.The research will artificially form a gynogenetic species through hybridization of two existing species, determining the most likely evolutionary pathway from one to the other. The existing species are from Texas and Mexico, and the new species resulted from a natural hybridization event. To retrace the evolution of this species, the research team will use several mathematical techniques, including differential equations and Monte-Carlo simulations to model the most likely pathway for the evolution of a unique set of traits, including unisexuality, formation of unreduced eggs, and clonality. Current thinking hypothesizes that all of these changes happened in one evolutionary step, but this seems unlikely. Guided by the models, a large-scale crossing experiment will be conducted to actually form a gynogenetic species in the laboratory. This experiment will involve crossing sexual fishes, the resulting F1 individuals amongst each other, and backcrosses. Every unique cross will further be characterized genomically, genetically, and morphologically.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将通过探索明显的生殖悖论来研究复杂性状的发展。绝大多数物种有两个性别，都需要繁殖。但是，一种繁殖方式，妇产发生，似乎结合了看似不可能的特征组合。在这种模式下，必须由不同物种的雄性施肥，但是雄性提供的基因并未纳入后代，以使所产生的后代在遗传上与母亲相同。这种生殖模式需要几种重要的进化变化的进化：拒绝父亲的DNA，雄性的丧失和二倍体卵的形成。单个进化步骤中的大型过渡极不可能，但这是普遍的解释。在拟议的项目中，研究人员将通过复制导致鱼起源的亚马逊莫莉的进化途径来形成一种合成的妇科物种。数学模型将指导跨越现有物种及其杂种的实验。这项研究还将通过研讨会和多位年轻科学家的培训机会向公众提供宣传。这项研究将通过杂交两个现有物种的杂交人为地形成陀螺症物种，这确定了从一个到另一个物种的最可能进化途径。现有物种来自德克萨斯州和墨西哥，新物种是由自然杂交事件造成的。为了追溯该物种的演变，研究团队将使用几种数学技术，包括微分方程和蒙特卡洛模拟，以建模最有可能演变的途径，以发展一组独特的特征，包括单性性，形成未偿还的鸡蛋和克隆性。当前的思想假设所有这些变化都发生在一个进化步骤中，但这似乎不太可能。在模型的指导下，将进行大规模的穿越实验，实际上在实验室中形成了妇科物种。该实验将涉及交叉性鱼，由此产生的F1彼此之间的f1和反向交叉。每个独特的十字架将在基因组，遗传和形态上进一步表征。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Why do hybrids turn down sex?

为什么混血儿会拒绝性行为？

• DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad129
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Evolution
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Fyon, Frédéric;Berbel-Filho, Waldir Miron;Schlupp, Ingo;Wild, Geoff;Úbeda, Francisco;Orive, ed., Maria E.;Chapman, ed., Tracey
• 通讯作者: Chapman, ed., Tracey