Optimising NFM in headwater catchments to protect downstream communities

优化源头流域的 NFM 以保护下游社区

• 批准号: NE/R004587/2
• 负责人: David Milledge
• 金额: $ 35.65万
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR004587%2F2
• 关键词: Optimising; NFM; headwater; catchments; protect

Natural flood risk management (NFM) describes methods of modifying hillslope and catchment runoff through the modification of landscapes to restore natural hydrological behaviour which limits downstream flood risk. This proposal is for a focussed study of NFM benefits associated with wider ecosystem restoration work which is under way across the uplands of the UK. Headwaters comprise 60-80% of the length of most river systems and high slopes and high rainfall mean that they are important areas of hillslope runoff production. Across the UK there are communities which are prone to flash flooding from steep upland catchments. These headwater catchments are relatively small catchments and are areas where extensive upland restoration is occurring and so they are locations where positive impacts of NFM measures are likely to be observed. Vulnerable communities in headwaters are often small and dispersed with land values that rarely justify hard engineering flood defences through standard cost-benefit approaches. If relatively low cost upland restoration approaches can mitigate risk to communities such as this then it will be possible to provide some protection to communities where funding precludes hard engineering approaches.This project will work with project partners Moors for the Future and Greater Manchester, Merseyside and Cheshire Environment Agency who have existing funded NFM work in the southern Pennines to undertake a series of field experiments. These will assess the potential impact of various forms of gully blocking, restoration of Sphagnum cover on moorlands, and establishment of upland woodlands on hillslope runoff production and channel flow. It will also assess the longer term evolution of woodland and gully blocking approaches through the study of mature woodland and well established gully blocked systems. This is an important consideration since investment in NFM works requires confidence in the long term impact of the restoration on runoff and knowledge of any ongoing maintenance costs for the interventions.Installation of NFM schemes to mitigate flood risk requires careful planning and prediction of potential impacts. This project will develop conceptually sophisticated but computationally simple models which can run multiple scenarios in order to assess the catchment wide impacts on runoff of NFM measures implemented to a variety of designs and in a variety of spatial configurations.The model will be developed (with input from project partner CH2M and input from potential users such as EA) and validated using data from the Glossop Brook catchment in Derbyshire which has a history of major flash flooding impacting households in the town of Glossop. The modelling approach will then be used to assess possible NFM interventions in the upland catchments draining to 21 communities at risk on the eastern edge of Greater Manchester. In each of these catchments we will model the optimum configuration of upland restoration measures for NFM benefit.The project will also work with partners (Environment Agency, Natural Resources Wales, Scottish Environmental Protection Agency, International Union the Conservation for Nature) to identify existing headwater flow records across the UK which relate to areas of significant upland restoration. At these sites we will model expected impacts and interrogate the available flow data for evidence of these effects on runoff.The project will work with its range of project partners which span England, Wales and Scotland and which comprise regulators, land managers and industry to develop guidelines to optimise future implementation of NFM measures in headwater catchments across upland Britain.

自然洪水风险管理（NFM）描述了通过改变景​​观来改变山坡和流域径流的方法，以恢复限制下游洪水风险的自然水文行为。该提案旨在重点研究与英国高地正在进行的更广泛的生态系统恢复工作相关的 NFM 效益。大多数河流系统长度的60-80%是源头，高坡度和高降雨量意味着它们是山坡径流产生的重要区域。英国各地的一些社区很容易因陡峭的高地集水区而遭受山洪爆发。这些水源流域是相对较小的流域，并且是正在进行大范围高地恢复的地区，因此它们是可能观察到非森林管理措施积极影响的地方。源头的脆弱社区通常规模较小且分散，其土地价值很少证明通过标准成本效益方法进行硬工程防洪是合理的。如果成本相对较低的高地恢复方法能够减轻此类社区的风险，那么就有可能为那些资金排除硬工程方法的社区提供一些保护。该项目将与项目合作伙伴 Moors for the Future 和大曼彻斯特、默西塞德郡和柴郡环境局现有资助的 NFM 在奔宁山脉南部开展了一系列现场实验。这些将评估各种形式的沟渠堵塞、荒原上泥炭藓覆盖的恢复以及高地林地的建立对山坡径流产生和渠道流量的潜在影响。它还将通过研究成熟的林地和完善的沟渠阻塞系统来评估林地和沟渠阻塞方法的长期演变。这是一个重要的考虑因素，因为投资 NFM 工程需要对恢复对径流的长期影响有信心，并了解干预措施的任何持续维护成本。安装 NFM 方案以减轻洪水风险需要仔细规划和预测潜在影响。该项目将开发概念上复杂但计算简单的模型，该模型可以运行多种场景，以评估流域范围内对各种设计和各种空间配置中实施的 NFM 措施对径流的广泛影响。将开发该模型（使用输入来自项目合作伙伴 CH2M 以及 EA 等潜在用户的意见），并使用德比郡 Glossop Brook 流域的数据进行验证，该流域历史上曾发生过影响 Glossop 镇家庭的重大山洪爆发。然后，该建模方法将用于评估可能的 NFM 干预措施，对流向大曼彻斯特东部边缘 21 个面临风险社区的高地流域进行干预。在每个流域，我们将为 NFM 效益建立高地恢复措施的最佳配置模型。该项目还将与合作伙伴（环境局、威尔士自然资源局、苏格兰环境保护局、国际自然保护联盟）合作，以确定现有的水源地英国各地的流量记录与重要的高地恢复区域有关。在这些地点，我们将对预期影响进行建模，并询问可用的流量数据，以获取这些对径流影响的证据。该项目将与横跨英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰的一系列项目合作伙伴合作，其中包括监管机构、土地管理者和行业，以开发优化未来在英国高地源头流域实施 NFM 措施的指南。

项目成果

A Generalized Multistep Dynamic (GMD) TOPMODEL

广义多步动态 (GMD) 顶层模型

• DOI: http://dx.10.1029/2022wr032198
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Goudarzi S

Restoration of blanket peat moorland delays stormflow from hillslopes and reduces peak discharge

覆盖泥炭荒原的恢复延迟了山坡的风暴流并减少了峰值流量

• DOI: 10.1016/j.hydroa.2018.100006
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrology X
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: E. Shuttleworth;M. Evans;M. Pilkington;T. Spencer;J. Walker;D. Milledge;T. Allott
• 通讯作者: T. Allott

Blanket Peat Restoration: Numerical Study of the Underlying Processes Delivering Natural Flood Management Benefits

全面泥炭恢复：提供自然洪水管理效益的基础过程的数值研究

• DOI: http://dx.10.1029/2020wr029209
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Goudarzi S

Peatland gully restoration with stone and timber dams (Kinder Plateau, UK)

用石头和木材坝修复泥炭地沟壑（英国金德高原）

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.107066
• 发表时间: 2023-10-01
• 期刊: Ecological Engineering
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: T. Howson;M. Evans;T. Allott;E. Shuttleworth;A. Johnston;Joe Rees;D. Milledge;D. Edokpa;Chris Lockyer;M. Kay;T. Spencer;David Brown;Salim Goudarzi;M. Pilkington
• 通讯作者: M. Pilkington

Rainfall intensity and catchment size control storm runoff in a gullied blanket peatland

降雨强度和集水区大小控制沟壑覆盖泥炭地的风暴径流

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127688
• 发表时间: 2022-03-01
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrology
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: D. Edokpa;D. Milledge;T. Allott;J. Holden;E. Shuttleworth;M. Kay;A. Johnston;G. Millin;Matt Scott;David A Ch;ler;ler;Jamie L. Freestone;M. Evans
• 通讯作者: M. Evans