Paleoecology and new perspectives on domesticated animals from faunal and stable isotope analyses

古生态学和来自动物区系和稳定同位素分析的驯养动物的新视角

• 批准号: 1911649
• 负责人: Emily Zavodny
• 金额: $ 14.8万
• 依托单位: Zavodny Emily
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1911649&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Paleoecology; new; perspectives; domesticated; animals

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. John Krigbaum at the University of Florida, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist examining the introduction of domesticated animals (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs) to different ecosystems and their long-term impact on human behavior and environments at local and regional levels. By combining traditional zooarchaeological analyses with innovative archaeometric techniques, this research will contribute to our understanding of the diverse and enduring impacts domestication has had on landscapes, environments, and other species. Data collection will also actively involve and train undergraduate and graduate students.This project develops zooarchaeological, isotopic, and spatial data to evaluate the scale, timing, and continuing effects of local animal husbandry practices from the early Chalcolithic (ca. 4500 BC) until the end of the Iron Age (ca. 35 BC). Zooarchaeological assemblages recovered from Chalcolithic, Bronze, and Iron Age sites will be systematically analyzed. Population profiles of fauna will be reconstructed to help characterize broader regional and temporal trends in livestock and husbandry practices. Some integral aspects of livestock management, such as foddering and penning, are less visible through traditional archaeological methods and isotopic studies of different bodily tissues offer a systematic approach to mapping these diverse activities. In order to examine changes in management strategies at various temporal and spatial scales, dental enamel from different domesticated species will be sampled for carbon, oxygen, strontium (87Sr/86Sr), and lead (20nPb/204Pb) isotopes. Data will then be incorporated into a GIS database to better contextualize regional patterns and test theories about the development of new management systems such as transhumance. Novel animal management strategies are expected to have developed over time, first in response to the unique environment and then to accommodate increasing populations at the start of the Late Bronze Age. Results are expected to inform current debates about biodiversity and conservation globally, and be of interest to all scholars working on issues of resilience, sustainability, and human-environment interaction.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是 NSF 社会、行为和经济科学博士后研究奖学金 (SPRF) 计划的一部分。 SPRF 项目的目标是为学术界、工业界或私营部门以及政府的科学职业培养有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。 SPRF 奖项包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。 NSF 致力于促进科学界各个领域的科学家（包括来自代表性不足群体的科学家）参与其研究计划和活动；博士后时期被认为是实现这一目标的重要专业发展阶段。每个博士后研究员必须解决推动各自学科领域发展的重要科学问题。在佛罗里达大学 John Krigbaum 博士的赞助下，该博士后奖学金支持一位早期职业科学家研究驯养动物（牛、绵羊、山羊、猪）引入不同生态系统及其对人类行为的长期影响以及地方和区域层面的环境。通过将传统的动物考古学分析与创新的考古技术相结合，这项研究将有助于我们了解驯化对景观、环境和其他物种产生的多样化和持久的影响。数据收集还将积极吸引和培训本科生和研究生。该项目开发动物考古学、同位素和空间数据，以评估从铜器时代早期（约公元前 4500 年）到公元前 4500 年当地畜牧业实践的规模、时间和持续影响。铁器时代末期（约公元前 35 年）。从红铜时代、青铜时代和铁器时代遗址发现的动物考古组合将得到系统分析。将重建动物群的种群概况，以帮助描述畜牧业实践中更广泛的区域和时间趋势。牲畜管理的一些不可或缺的方面，例如饲料和围栏，通过传统的考古方法不太明显，而对不同身体组织的同位素研究提供了一种系统的方法来绘制这些不同的活动。为了检查不同时间和空间尺度上管理策略的变化，将对不同驯化物种的牙釉质进行碳、氧、锶（87Sr/86Sr）和铅（20nPb/204Pb）同位素采样。然后，数据将被纳入地理信息系统数据库，以更好地了解区域模式并测试有关开发新管理系统（例如游牧）的理论。预计新的动物管理策略将随着时间的推移而发展，首先是为了应对独特的环境，然后是为了适应青铜时代晚期开始时不断增长的人口。研究结果预计将为当前全球有关生物多样性和保护的辩论提供信息，并引起所有研究复原力、可持续性和人类与环境相互作用问题的学者的兴趣。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用评估结果被认为值得支持。基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。