Paleoecology and new perspectives on domesticated animals from faunal and stable isotope analyses

古生态学和来自动物区系和稳定同位素分析的驯养动物的新视角

• 批准号: 1911649
• 负责人: Emily Zavodny
• 金额: $ 14.8万
• 依托单位: Zavodny Emily
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1911649&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Paleoecology; new; perspectives; domesticated; animals

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. John Krigbaum at the University of Florida, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist examining the introduction of domesticated animals (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs) to different ecosystems and their long-term impact on human behavior and environments at local and regional levels. By combining traditional zooarchaeological analyses with innovative archaeometric techniques, this research will contribute to our understanding of the diverse and enduring impacts domestication has had on landscapes, environments, and other species. Data collection will also actively involve and train undergraduate and graduate students.This project develops zooarchaeological, isotopic, and spatial data to evaluate the scale, timing, and continuing effects of local animal husbandry practices from the early Chalcolithic (ca. 4500 BC) until the end of the Iron Age (ca. 35 BC). Zooarchaeological assemblages recovered from Chalcolithic, Bronze, and Iron Age sites will be systematically analyzed. Population profiles of fauna will be reconstructed to help characterize broader regional and temporal trends in livestock and husbandry practices. Some integral aspects of livestock management, such as foddering and penning, are less visible through traditional archaeological methods and isotopic studies of different bodily tissues offer a systematic approach to mapping these diverse activities. In order to examine changes in management strategies at various temporal and spatial scales, dental enamel from different domesticated species will be sampled for carbon, oxygen, strontium (87Sr/86Sr), and lead (20nPb/204Pb) isotopes. Data will then be incorporated into a GIS database to better contextualize regional patterns and test theories about the development of new management systems such as transhumance. Novel animal management strategies are expected to have developed over time, first in response to the unique environment and then to accommodate increasing populations at the start of the Late Bronze Age. Results are expected to inform current debates about biodiversity and conservation globally, and be of interest to all scholars working on issues of resilience, sustainability, and human-environment interaction.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是NSF的社会，行为和经济科学博士后研究金（SPRF）计划的一部分。 SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门以及政府的科学职业准备有前途的早期职业博士学位科学家。 SPRF奖项涉及在既定科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。 NSF试图促进科学界各个细分市场的科学家的参与，包括来自代表性不足的群体的研究计划和活动；博士后时期被认为是实现这一目标的重要水平。每个博士后研究员都必须解决重要的科学问题，以推进各自的学科领域。在佛罗里达大学的约翰·克里格鲍姆（John Krigbaum）博士的赞助下，这项博士后奖学金奖支持了早期的职业科学家，研究了对不同生态系统的驯养动物（牛，绵羊，山羊，猪）的引入，及其对地方和地区水平的人类行为和环境的长期影响。通过将传统的动物考古分析与创新的考古技术相结合，这项研究将有助于我们理解驯化对景观，环境和其他物种的多样化和持久影响。数据收集还将积极参与和培训本科生和研究生。该项目开发了动物考古学，同位素和空间数据，以评估来自Chalcolithic早期（CA. 4500 BC）的当地畜牧业的规模，时机和持续影响，直到铁器时代结束（35 BC）。将系统分析从玉米岩，青铜和铁器时代地点回收的动物考古学组合。将重建动物区系的人口概况，以帮助表征牲畜和饲养实践中更广泛的区域和时间趋势。通过传统的考古方法和不同身体组织的同位素研究，牲畜管理的一些不可或缺的方面（例如饲料和笔记）不太明显，提供了一种系统的方法来映射这些不同的活动。为了检查各种时间和空间尺度上的管理策略的变化，将对来自不同驯化物种的牙齿牙釉质进行碳，氧，斜角（87SR/86SR）和铅（20NPB/204pb）同位素进行采样。然后，数据将被纳入GIS数据库中，以更好地将区域模式的上下文化，并测试有关新管理系统（例如经过人口）的发展的理论。预计新型动物管理策略将随着时间的流逝而发展，首先是为了响应独特的环境，然后在青铜时代开始时适应越来越多的人群。预计结果有望为有关生物多样性和保护的当前辩论提供信息，并且对所有从事韧性，可持续性和人类环境互动问题的学者都感兴趣。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估来通过评估来支持的。