Collaborative Research: RUI: Impacts of size-selective mortality on sex-changing fishes

合作研究：RUI：尺寸选择性死亡率对变性鱼类的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1909303
负责人：
James White
金额：
$ 6.83万
依托单位：
Oregon State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-11-14 至 2019-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1909303&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research RUI Impacts size

项目摘要

Many marine fish species change sex during their lifetimes, and many of them are targets of commercial and recreational fishing. The timing of sex change in these animals is often related to body size, so populations typically consist of many small fish of the initial sex (usually female) and few large fish of the other sex (usually male). In nature, smaller fish are at a greater risk of mortality due to predation, but fishermen tend to seek larger fish. Thus fishing that targets larger individuals may skew sex ratios, removing enough of the larger sex to hinder reproduction. However, the extent to which size-selective mortality affects sex-changing fishes is poorly understood. This research will explore the effects of size-selective mortality on the population dynamics of sex-changing species using an integrated set of field experiments and mathematical models. It will provide the first experimental exploration of the sensitivity of different sex-change patterns and reproductive strategies to selective mortality. The results will advance our knowledge of the susceptibility and resilience of sex-changing organisms to different types of size-selective mortality and will reveal how sex-changing species can recover after size-selection ceases, as in populations within marine reserves where fishing is suddenly prohibited. The findings will inform fisheries management policies, which do not currently consider the ability of a species to change sex in setting fisheries regulations. The project will provide professional training and research support for three graduate students and multiple undergraduates from California State University Northridge, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, and University of North Carolina Wilmington. The research findings will be communicated with fisheries managers, via national and international scientific meetings, posted on institutional websites and social media, and through publicly available modeling exercises.This project will consist of a three-year study of the effects of size-specific mortality on sex-changing fishes. Field experiments will use three closely related rocky-reef fishes that differ in sex-change pattern and are amenable to field manipulation and direct measurement of reproductive output. The species include a protogynous hermaphrodite (a female-to-male sex-change pattern common among harvested species) and two simultaneous hermaphrodites that differ in their ability to switch between male and female. Two types of experiments will be conducted on populations established on replicate patch reefs at Santa Catalina Island, California: (1) sex ratios will be manipulated to determine when the scarcity of males limits population-level reproductive output; and (2) experiments cross-factoring the intensity of mortality with the form of size-selection (i.e., higher mortality of large or small individuals) will test the demographic consequences of size-selective mortality. In concert with the field experiments, size- and sex-structured population models (integral projection models) will be developed for use in three ways: (1) to evaluate how different types of selective mortality should affect population dynamics; (2) to predict outcomes of the field experiments, testing/validating the model and allowing direct prediction of the ecological significance of short-term selection; and (3) to fit to existing survey data for a fourth species, a widely fished, sex-changing fish, inside and outside of marine reserves. Part (3) will evaluate whether and how quickly the mating system and reproductive output of that species (not directly measurable in the field) is recovering inside reserves. This integrated set of field experiments and models will yield novel insight into the effects of size-selective mortality on the population dynamics of sex-changing marine species.

许多海洋鱼类在其一生中改变了性，其中许多是商业和休闲捕鱼的目标。这些动物的性变化时机通常与体型有关，因此种群通常由许多初始性的小鱼（通常是女性）和其他性别的大鱼（通常是男性）组成。在自然界中，较小的鱼因捕食而面临更大的死亡风险，但渔民倾向于寻求更大的鱼类。因此，针对较大个体的捕鱼可能会使性别比偏斜，从而消除了足够的较大性别以阻碍繁殖。但是，对改变性变化的鱼类的大小选择性死亡率在多大程度上了解到很少了解。这项研究将使用一组集成的现场实验和数学模型探索大小选择性死亡率对改变性别的种群动态的影响。它将对不同性变化模式的灵敏度和选择性死亡的生殖策略的敏感性进行第一次实验探索。结果将提高我们对改变性别的生物对不同类型的大小选择性死亡率的易感性和韧性的了解，并将揭示大小选择后的变化物种如何恢复，就像在禁止捕鱼的海洋储量中一样。这些发现将为渔业管理政策提供通知，目前尚未考虑某种物种在制定渔业法规中改变性别的能力。该项目将为来自加利福尼亚州立大学诺斯里奇，Moss Landing Marine Laboratories和北卡罗来纳大学威尔明顿大学的三名研究生和多名本科生提供专业培训和研究支持。研究结果将通过国家和国际科学会议与渔业经理进行交流，在机构网站和社交媒体上发布，并通过公开可用的建模练习来传达。该项目将包括一项为期三年的研究，对特定规模的死亡率对变性鱼类的影响。现场实验将使用三种与性变化模式不同的密切相关的岩石烤鱼鱼，并且可以通过现场操作和直接测量生殖产量进行测量。该物种包括一种雌雄同体的雌雄同体（在收获物种中常见的女性到男性变化模式）和两种同时的雌雄同体，它们在男性和女性之间切换的能力有所不同。将对加利福尼亚州圣卡塔利纳岛的重复贴片礁建立的种群进行两种类型的实验：（1）性别比例将被操纵以确定男性的稀缺何时限制了人口水平的生殖产量；（2）实验将死亡强度与尺寸选择形式（即，大人物或小个体的较高死亡率）的形式交叉归类，将测试尺寸选择性死亡率的人口统计学后果。在与现场实验的一致过程中，将开发三种方式使用大小和性别结构的人群模型（积分投影模型）：（1）评估不同类型的选择性死亡率如何影响人群动态；（2）预测现场实验的结果，测试/验证模型并允许直接预测短期选择的生态意义；（3）适合于第四种的现有调查数据，即海洋储量内外的一种广泛捕捞的，变性的鱼类。第（3）部分将评估该物种的交配系统和生殖输出的速度（在现场不直接测量）正在内部储备中恢复。这组综合的现场实验和模型将产生对大小选择性死亡率对改变性别变化海洋物种的种群动态影响的新颖洞察力。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Fitting state-space integral projection models to size-structured time series data to estimate unknown parameters

将状态空间积分投影模型拟合到大小结构时间序列数据以估计未知参数

DOI：
10.1002/eap.1398
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
Ecological Applications
影响因子：
5
作者：
White, J. Wilson;Nickols, Kerry J.;Malone, Daniel;Carr, Mark H.;Starr, Richard M.;Cordoleani, Flora;Baskett, Marissa L.;Hastings, Alan;Botsford, Louis W.
通讯作者：
Botsford, Louis W.

Influence of protogynous sex change on recovery of fish populations within marine protected areas

先雌性变性对海洋保护区内鱼类种群恢复的影响

DOI：
10.1002/eap.2070
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Ecological Applications
影响因子：
5
作者：
Easter, E. E.;Adreani, M. S.;Hamilton, S. L.;Steele, M. A.;Pang, S.;White, J. W.
通讯作者：
White, J. W.

Scaling Up Endocrine Disruption Effects from Individuals to Populations: Outcomes Depend on How Many Males a Population Needs

将内分泌干扰效应从个体扩大到人群：结果取决于人群需要多少男性

DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b05276
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
Environmental Science & Technology
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
White, J. Wilson;Cole, Bryan J.;Cherr, Gary N.;Connon, Richard E.;Brander, Susanne M.
通讯作者：
Brander, Susanne M.

The dynamics of open populations: integration of top–down, bottom–up and supply–side influences on intertidal oysters

开放种群动态：自上而下、自下而上和供给侧对潮间带牡蛎影响的整合