Collaborative Research: Terrestrial hydrology during the last deglaciation

合作研究：末次冰消期的陆地水文学

基本信息

批准号：
1903606
负责人：
Andrew Wickert
金额：
$ 28.12万
依托单位：
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1903606&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Terrestrial hydrology during

项目摘要

Water, critical to life on Earth, moves between the atmosphere, oceans, lakes and wetlands, groundwater, rivers, permafrost, and glaciers and ice sheets. Earth?s finite amount of water means that whenever one of these reservoirs fills, the others must empty to balance it. This simple principle - conservation of mass - has powerful implications for society's ability to understand past climate and sea-level change, and potentially for predicting these into the future. To understand the impacts of past changes in water and climate, the researchers ask a simple and fundamental set of questions: First, how did the global water balance respond to the climate of the last glacial period? Second, how did that response in turn impact the climate system through evaporation from the land, runoff into the ocean, and ecological change linked with the global distribution and function of wetlands? In this project the researchers will develop a new model that links these components of the hydrological cycle, and apply this to the recent geological past when vast ice sheets covered the high latitudes and lakes filled now-dry basins. By connecting this new model with geological data, the researchers hope to understand how changes in past sea level are distributed among ice sheets and water on the continents, including groundwater, lakes, and wetlands. They will also investigate how sudden freshwater release can impact ocean circulation and global climate. In parallel with this research, they will communicate the importance of water in the environment by sharing their digitally reconstructed ancient land- and water-scapes online, developing a watershed board game for educators, and contributing their findings to scientific journals and Wikipedia.Terrestrial water storage plays a crucial role in climate, ecosystems, land-atmosphere interactions, and sea level. To date, most studies of the last deglaciation focus on changes in the ice sheets, but overlook the other components of the terrestrial hydrologic system: lakes, rivers, wetlands, groundwater, and permafrost. As a result the magnitude and pace of change of non-glacial terrestrial water storage - and its potential impact on the climate system - remains unknown. Here the researchers propose to reconstruct the global hydrologic environment during the last deglaciation. To do so, they will: (a) compile, integrate, and synthesize proxies for terrestrial paleohydrology since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM); (b) develop a coupled model linking glacial isostatic adjustment, lakes and rivers, and groundwater; and (c) integrate data and model to quantify the time evolution of global terrestrial hydrology. This output will allow them to quantify: (1) the migration, expansion, and contraction of surface water bodies; (2) the total amount of water stored on land and its impact on sea-level records and ice-sheet reconstructions; and (3) water inputs to the ocean through evapotranspiration and submarine groundwater discharge, alongside their potential to reconcile ice-sheet reconstructions with records of sea level and past ocean circulation. In conjunction with these research activities, the researchers will deliver their paleohydrologic reconstructions as maps available on Wikimedia Commons and Flyover Country, build instructional materials on past environments, and improve Wikipedia's coverage of hydrologic and paleoclimate science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对地球生命至关重要的水，在大气，海洋，湖泊和湿地，地下水，河流，多年冻土以及冰川和冰盖之间移动。地球有限的水意味着，每当这些储层中的一个填充时，其他水都必须空的水平才能平衡。这个简单的原则 - 弥撒的保护 - 对社会了解过去的气候和海平面变化的能力具有强大的影响，并有可能将这些变化预测到未来。为了了解过去水和气候变化的影响，研究人员提出了一组简单而基本的问题：首先，全球水平平衡如何应对上一个冰川时期的气候？其次，这种反应反过来又如何通过从土地上蒸发，进入海洋的径流以及与湿地的全球分布和功能相关的生态变化来影响气候系统？在这个项目中，研究人员将开发一个将水文周期的这些组成部分联系起来的新模型，并将其应用于最近的地质过去，当时庞大的冰盖覆盖了高纬度和湖泊，填充了现在干燥的盆地。通过将这种新模型与地质数据联系起来，研究人员希望了解如何在过去的大陆（包括地下水，湖泊和湿地）上分布在过去的海平面上的变化。他们还将调查突然的淡水释放如何影响海洋循环和全球气候。与这项研究同时，他们将通过在线分享其数字重建的古代土地和水扫描，为教育工作者开发流水棋盘游戏，并为科学期刊和Wikipedia做出贡献。迄今为止，大多数关于最后一次脱气的研究都集中在冰盖的变化上，但忽略了陆地水文系统的其他组成部分：湖泊，河流，河流，湿地，地下水和永久冻土。结果，非冰川陆地储水的变化的幅度和速度及其对气候系统的潜在影响 - 尚不清楚。在这里，研究人员建议在上次脱气过程中重建全球水文环境。为此，它们将：（a）自上次冰川最大值（LGM）以来，编译，整合和合成陆生古水的代理；（b）开发一个连接冰川等静态调整，湖泊和河流以及地下水的耦合模型；（c）整合数据和模型，以量化全球陆地水文学的时间演变。该输出将使他们能够量化：（1）地表水体的迁移，膨胀和收缩；（2）储存在土地上的水量及其对海平面记录和冰盖重建的影响；（3）通过蒸散和海底地下水排放向海洋的水输入，以及它们与海平面和过去海洋循环记录的冰盖重建的潜力。结合这些研究活动，研究人员将作为在Wikimedia Commons和Flyover Country上获得的地图提供其古水力学重建，在过去的环境上建立教学材料，并改善Wikipedia的覆盖范围，这反映了NSF的法定任务和审查的范围，这表明了这一奖项的范围，该奖项通过评估范围来进行评估。