RAPID: Assessing the Performance of Elevated Wood Buildings, including Manufactured Housing, in Florida during 2018 Hurricane Michael

RAPID：评估 2018 年迈克尔飓风期间佛罗里达州高架木建筑（包括活动房屋）的性能

• 批准号: 1903486
• 负责人: Elaina Sutley
• 金额: $ 4.46万
• 依托单位: University of Kansas Center for Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1903486&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Assessing; Performance; Elevated; Wood

This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will investigate the wind performance of elevated site-built and manufactured housing during Hurricane Michael, which made landfall in Florida on October 10, 2018, just a few miles per hour (mph) below a Category 5 hurricane. This hurricane was the strongest to hit the continental United States since Hurricane Andrew in 1992. The observed impact of Hurricane Michael presents a unique and important opportunity to investigate the wind performance of elevated site-built and manufactured housing, given that recorded wind speeds reached and exceeded design winds at the coast and further inland. Florida has one of the largest inventories in the United States of manufactured housing, the most vulnerable residential structure to hurricanes, which also often houses the most socially vulnerable households. While damage to manufactured housing has been widely noticed following major hurricane events, this type of structure has received minimal research attention. Manufactured housing is a subset of elevated housing, where elevated site-built homes are also very common in the areas impacted by Hurricane Michael. The influence that the elevation height, stilt distribution, and foundation type have on wind loading and damage experienced by elevated site-built and manufactured housing structures is presently unknown. This project will investigate these fundamental knowledge gaps through ephemeral data collection of the performance of elevated housing following Hurricane Michael. Damage to housing is often responsible for half of the disaster losses following major hurricane events notwithstanding the widespread disruption it causes through household dislocation. Findings from this study will be shared with national and state-level codes and standards committees to improve the resilience of common, but understudied, residential buildings, in order to promote continuity in national welfare and prosperity following a hurricane event. Data collected through this grant will be shared on the NHERI Data Depot and Reconnaissance Portal (https://www.DesignSafe-ci.org) for broad use by the engineering community.The Hurricane Michael wind field had a wide range of inland wind speeds, and thus presents the opportunity for on-site damage investigation of different types of residential building structures, including elevated site-built and manufactured homes. Current codes and standards do not account for the air flow that occurs underneath elevated residential buildings. Preliminary research has shown that different elevations could amplify the wind pressures measured on the wall and roof surfaces, suggesting unconservatism in current code-based design approaches. This RAPID award will assess damage to a range of elevated and non-elevated homes, and make comparisons based on elevation height, stilt distribution, and foundation type in areas that experienced design-level and higher wind speeds during Hurricane Michael. Furthermore, manufactured homes in the Hurricane Michael impacted areas are designed for either Zone II (100 mph) or Zone III (110 mph) peak wind speeds, as well as for 75 mph sustained wind for transportation on highway/interstate purposes. Most wind loads used in design currently consider three-second gust wind speed, which is an instant wind load that assumes structural component and material behaviors stay in the linear range during an extreme wind event. Examining damage to manufactured housing at the sites where wind speeds were sustained at 75 mph or less will advance missing knowledge on whether failures are initiated by fatigue, caused by sustained wind loads, and progress into catastrophic failure of the unit. This gained knowledge will direct future research foci for manufactured housing studies to have better damage mitigation plans for both retrofit (old) and design (new) of manufactured homes. The reconnaissance team will enter areas in Florida affected by Hurricane Michael and collect on-site data, including images of damage and building information, for analyses and advancement of fundamental knowledge on elevated site-built and manufacturing housing.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项用于快速响应研究的赠款（Rapid）将调查飓风迈克尔期间的地点建造和制造住房的风能，该飓风于2018年10月10日在佛罗里达州登陆，每小时只有几英里（MPH）以下5类飓风。自1992年安德鲁飓风以来，这场飓风是最强大的袭击美国大陆的。迈克尔飓风的影响为调查高架现场建造和制造住房的风能的独特而重要的机会，鉴于记录的风速到达并超过了海岸的设计风，并超过了内陆。 佛罗里达州是美国制成品住房中最大的库存之一，这是飓风最脆弱的住宅结构，这也经常容纳最脆弱的家庭。尽管发生重大飓风事件后，人们广泛注意到对制造房屋的损害，但这种类型的结构受到了最少的研究关注。 制造的住房是高架住房的子集，在迈克尔飓风影响的地区，住房建造的高架房屋也非常普遍。目前尚不清楚高度高度，高架分布和基础类型对高架现场和制造的住房结构所经历的风负荷和损害的影响。该项目将通过飓风迈克尔飓风后的高架住房表现来调查这些基本知识差距。在重大飓风事件事件发生后，对住房的损害通常是造成一半灾害损失的原因，尽管它通过脱位造成了广泛的破坏。这项研究的结果将与国家和州级法规和标准委员会共享，以提高共同但经过研究的住宅建筑的弹性，以促进飓风事件发生后国家福利和繁荣的连续性。通过该赠款收集的数据将在NHERI数据仓库和侦察门户（https://www.designsignsafe-ci.org）上共享，以供工程社区进行广泛使用。飓风迈克尔·风场（Michael Wind Field）拥有广泛的内陆风速，因此为不同类型的建筑建筑物的现场损坏构成了各种各样的建筑物的现场损坏，包括不同类型的建筑建筑物的损坏。当前的代码和标准不考虑高架住宅建筑物下方发生的空气流量。初步研究表明，不同的高程可以扩大墙壁和屋顶表面上测量的风压，这表明在当前基于代码的设计方法中不保守。这项快速奖励将评估对一系列高架和非高级房屋的损害，并根据高度的高度，高架分布和基础类型进行比较，这些区域在迈克尔飓风期间经历了设计水平和更高风速的区域。此外，迈克尔飓风的制造房屋是为II（100 mph）或III（110 mph）的峰值风速以及75 mph的持续风而设计的，以在高速公路/州际公路目的上运输。设计中使用的大多数风负载当前都考虑三秒钟的阵风风速，这是一种即时风载，它假设结构组件和材料行为在极端风次事件中保持在线性范围内。检查以75 mph或更少的风速维持风速的地点的损害，将提高缺失的知识，了解是否是由于疲劳引发的失败，由持续的风负载引起，并发展为该装置的灾难性故障。获得的知识将指导未来的研究焦点，以制定制造的住房研究，以对制造房屋的改造（旧）和设计（新）进行更好的减轻损害计划。侦察小组将进入佛罗里达州的迈克尔飓风影响，并收集现场数据，包括损坏和建筑信息的图像，以分析和进步有关提高现场建造和制造住房基本知识的基本知识。该奖项反映了NSF的法规任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识优点的评估来进行评估，并审查了广泛的criitia crietia criteria criteria criteria criitia crietia criitia crietia crietia crietia crietia crietia crietia crietia crietia cripitia cromitia cromitia cripitia均值得一提。

项目成果

Performance of Manufactured Housing during Hurricanes Irma and Michael

活动房屋在飓风“艾尔玛”和“迈克尔”期间的性能

• DOI: 10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001486
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Sutley, Elaina J.;Vazquez, Karen;Kim, Jae H.;Dao, Thang;Johnston, Blythe;Hunt, Josh
• 通讯作者: Hunt, Josh

Observations and analysis of wind pressures on the floor underside of elevated buildings

高架建筑楼板底面风压观测与分析

• DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111101
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Engineering Structures
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Kim, Jae H.;Moravej, Mohammadtaghi;Sutley, Elaina J.;Chowdhury, Arindam;Dao, Thang N.
• 通讯作者: Dao, Thang N.