RoL:FELS:RAISE: Design principles of evolved transportation networks in leaf veins

RoL:FELS:RAISE：叶脉进化运输网络的设计原理

• 批准号: 1840209
• 负责人: Benjamin Blonder
• 金额: $ 99.78万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1840209&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RoL; FELS; RAISE; Design; principles

Many biological systems contain spatial networks that transport resources. Examples include the branches of trees and the circulatory systems of animals. These networks vary widely in their form. Some only branch, while others form loops. Some have multiple levels of hierarchy, while others do not. This variation may reflect evolved solutions for solving diverse environmental and structural challenges. This project will study key network functions in plants, including transport efficiency, resistance to damage, and mechanical strength. There is little theory linking network form to these functions, or for predicting tradeoffs among these functions. Moreover, very few networks have been fully characterized for structure or function due to the difficulty of collecting the data and describing network architecture. Better understanding the rules underlying network architecture will provide insights into the evolution of diverse organismal forms. The principles identified in this research could one day guide the engineering of artificial networks such as solar cells or synthetic organs that could benefit society. The project will also support career development undergraduate researchers via a comprehensive mentoring program aimed at inclusion of underrepresented minority students.This project will use leaf venation networks are a model empirical system. Leaves are central to plant performance via their roles in carbon gain and water loss, processes mediated by resource transport through their venation networks. These networks have high diversity of form and function and are tractable to phenotyping and functional characterization. This project will 1) quantify network architecture in a phylogenetically broad set of 500 species from temperate forests, desert, and lowland/montane tropical forests, 2) determine how network architecture and functions/costs are linked, 3) develop and test theories for these functions/costs of networks based on multi-scale network statistics, and 4) identify macro-evolutionary drivers of network architecture. Network functionality will be measured in the field with ecophysiology methods. Machine learning methods will be used to extract network architecture from images. The project also will support interdisciplinary training for one postdoctoral researcher and two graduate students, who will gain international fieldwork and collaboration experience.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多生物系统都包含运输资源的空间网络。例子包括树枝和动物的循环系统。这些网络的形式差异很大。有些仅分支，而另一些则形成循环。有些具有多个层次结构，而另一些则没有。这种变化可能反映了解决不同环境和结构挑战的不断发展的解决方案。该项目将研究植物的关键网络功能，包括运输效率、抗损坏性和机械强度。几乎没有理论将网络形式与这些功能联系起来，或者用于预测这些功能之间的权衡。此外，由于收集数据和描述网络架构的困难，很少有网络能够完全表征其结构或功能。 更好地理解网络架构背后的规则将为了解不同有机体形式的进化提供见解。这项研究中确定的原则有一天可以指导人造网络的工程，例如太阳能电池或人造器官，从而造福社会。该项目还将通过旨在纳入代表性不足的少数族裔学生的综合指导计划来支持本科生研究人员的职业发展。该项目将使用叶脉网络作为一个模型经验系统。叶子通过其在碳增益和水损失中的作用而对植物性能至关重要，而这些过程是通过其脉络网络进行资源运输介导的。这些网络具有高度的形式和功能多样性，并且易于表型分析和功能表征。该项目将 1) 量化来自温带森林、沙漠和低地/山地热带森林的 500 个物种的系统发育广泛的网络架构，2) 确定网络架构和功能/成本如何联系起来，3) 开发和测试这些的理论基于多尺度网络统计的网络功能/成本，4）识别网络架构的宏观演化驱动因素。网络功能将使用生态生理学方法在现场进行测量。机器学习方法将用于从图像中提取网络架构。该项目还将支持一名博士后研究员和两名研究生的跨学科培训，他们将获得国际实地工作和合作经验。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Leaf Venation Networks of Bornean Trees: Images and Hand‐Traced Segmentations

婆罗洲树的叶脉网络：图像和手工追踪分割

• DOI: 10.1002/bes2.1606
• 发表时间: 2019-06
• 期刊: The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
• 作者: Blonder, Benjamin;Both, Sabine;Jodra, Miguel;Majalap, Noreen;Burslem, David;Teh, Yit Arn;Malhi, Yadvinder
• 通讯作者: Malhi, Yadvinder

Leaf venation networks of Bornean trees: images and hand‐traced segmentations

婆罗洲树的叶脉网络：图像和手工追踪分割

• DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2844
• 发表时间: 2019-08
• 期刊: Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Blonder, Benjamin;Both, Sabine;Jodra, Miguel;Majalap, Noreen;Burslem, David;Teh, Yit Arn;Malhi, Yadvinder
• 通讯作者: Malhi, Yadvinder