CNS Core: Medium: Networked Smart Paper: Towards Invisible Wearables for Humans and Things

CNS 核心：媒介：网络智能纸：迈向人类和事物的隐形可穿戴设备

• 批准号: 1901048
• 负责人: Xinyu Zhang
• 金额: $ 120万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-10-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1901048&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNS; Core; Medium; Networked; Smart

The goal of this proposal is to explore fundamental communication and sensing technologies to transform the ordinary physical world into a connected, intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Despite multiple generations of evolution, digital devices still demand substantial user involvement for battery charging and network setup, and current technologies are not yet ready to make everyday things connected and intelligent. To address the networking challenges, this project will work technology for ultra-thin paper-like communication tags, composed of a mm-scale radio chip along with power harvesting unit, printable flexible antennas, and printable energy storage unit. The tag, referred to as Networked Smart Paper (NSP), can potentially be woven into clothes or attached on plain objects, thus encompassing humans or things into the IoT. The resulting hardware and software will be made fully open-source and become a community resource, to benefit the relevant industries in wireless systems, radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFIC), and printed electronics. This project will engage students in experimental IoT research through the summer research internship program and outreach to under-represented groups. The proposed NSP project aims to extend the IoT vision beyond the current-generation mobile devices, by addressing cross-disciplinary challenges in low-power RFIC, printable electronics, and wireless networking. It will renovate the IoT radio architecture and network protocol design, under the constraints of extremely low-power, extremely thin/flexible form-factor, and compatibility with the legacy network infrastructure. In particular, NSP explores a novel "slim radio" architecture, which adopts on-off-keying-like energy-efficient modulation, but remains compatible with the WiFi physical layer through signal waveform approximation. In addition, NSP will realize a slim network stack through association-free network management and application-specific addressing. NSP's ability to reuse the massive legacy WiFi infrastructure helps eliminate the deployment barrier that has been hindering IoT deployment. In addition, NSP explores chip-level optimization for the slim radio architecture, aiming to achieve up to three orders of magnitude lower power consumption compared with legacy WiFi transceiver chips. Unlike existing passive radio architectures (e.g., Radio Frequency Identifier tags and backscatter), NSP supports channelization (thus enabling coexistence and frequency reuse); it can power both the communication and computation (network stack) operations, by scavenging and storing the energy from intermittent ambient radio frequency signals. The miniaturized radio chip, printable antenna and energy storage units together enable ultra-thin form factor, making NSP a truly wearable and attachable IoT device for humans and things.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该提案的目的是探索基本的沟通和传感技术，以将普通的物理世界转变为连接的，智能的物联网（IoT）生态系统。尽管有多个世代的发展，但数字设备仍需要大量的用户参与电池充电和网络设置，而当前的技术尚未准备好使日常事物连接和聪明。为了应对网络挑战，该项目将针对超薄纸张的通信标签进行技术技术，该技术由MM尺度的无线电芯片以及功率收集单元，可打印的柔性天线和可打印的能量存储单元组成。该标签被称为网络智能纸（NSP），可能会被编织成衣服或固定在普通物体上，从而将人类或物联网中的事物包含在物联网中。由此产生的硬件和软件将被完全开源，并成为社区资源，以使无线系统，射频集成电路（RFIC）（RFIC）和印刷电子产品中的相关行业受益。该项目将通过夏季研究实习计划与学生进行实验IOT研究，并向代表性不足的群体进行宣传。 拟议的NSP项目旨在通过解决低功率RFIC，可打印电子和无线网络的跨学科挑战来扩展IoT愿景之外的IoT愿景。它将在极低的功率，极度薄/灵活的形式因子以及与传统网络基础架构的兼容性的约束下进行翻新的IoT无线电架构和网络协议设计。 特别是，NSP探索了一种新颖的“纤细无线电”体系结构，该体系结构采用了开关键样能节能调制，但通过信号波形近似与WiFi物理层保持兼容。此外，NSP将通过无关联网络管理和特定于应用程序的地址实现纤细的网络堆栈。 NSP重复使用大规模遗产WiFi基础架构的能力有助于消除阻碍物联网部署的部署障碍。 此外，NSP探索了针对细长的无线电体系结构的芯片级优化，旨在与传统WiFi收发器芯片相比，最多要达到三个数量级的功耗。与现有的被动无线电体系结构（例如，射频标识符标签和反向散射）不同，NSP支持通道化（从而启用共存和频率重复使用）；它可以通过清除和存储间歇性环境射频信号的能量来为通信和计算（网络堆栈）操作提供动力。微型无线电芯片，可打印的天线和能源存储单元共同使超薄外形构成，使NSP成为人类和事物的真正可穿戴和可附加的物联网设备。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被视为值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估来通过评估来获得支持的审查标准。

项目成果

UniScatter: a Metamaterial Backscatter Tag for Wideband Joint Communication and Radar Sensing

• DOI: 10.1145/3570361.3592526
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking
• 作者: Kun Qian;Lulu Yao;Kai Zheng;Xinyu Zhang;T. Ng

StealthyIMU: Stealing Permission-protected Private Information From Smartphone Voice Assistant Using Zero-Permission Sensors

• DOI: 10.14722/ndss.2023.24077
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Proceedings 2023 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium
• 作者: Ke Sun;C. Xia;Songlin Xu;Xinyu Zhang

SlimWiFi: Ultra-Low-Power IoT Radio Architecture Enabled by Asymmetric Communication

SlimWiFi：通过非对称通信实现的超低功耗物联网无线电架构

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 20th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI
• 作者: Zhao, Renjie;Wang, Kejia;Zhang Xinyu;Leung Vincent W.
• 通讯作者: Leung Vincent W.

A Sub-100μW 2GHz OOK PA for IoT Applications

适用于物联网应用的低于 100μW 2GHz OOK PA

• DOI: 10.1109/wmcs55582.2022.9866357
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: IEEE
• 作者: Wang, Kejia;Alluri, Sravya;Zhang, Xinyu;Leung, Vincent W.
• 通讯作者: Leung, Vincent W.

Wide Potential Window Supercapacitors Using Open‐Shell Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers with Stable N‐Doped States

• DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902806
• 发表时间: 2019-10
• 期刊: Advanced Energy Materials
• 影响因子: 27.8
• 作者: Kaiping Wang;Lifeng Huang;N. Eedugurala;Song Zhang;Md Abdus Sabuj;N. Rai;X. Gu;J. Azoulay