Dimensions: Identifying how the ecological and evolutionary interactions between host and symbiont shape holobiont biodiversity

维度：确定宿主和共生体之间的生态和进化相互作用如何塑造全生物生物多样性

• 批准号: 1900357
• 负责人: Corrie Moreau
• 金额: $ 31.08万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-10-15 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1900357&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; Identifying; how; ecological; evolutionary

Although individual animals have long been considered a fundamental unit of evolution, we now know that each is really a co-dependent collection of host animal and microbes. This co-dependency reaches from ancient times through to the present day. Many animals depend on gut bacteria to process food and incorporate essential nutrients into the host's own tissues. To untangle the importance of this partnership for hosts and symbiotic gut bacteria, this project will study a diverse and ecologically important social animal group, the turtle ants. As social organisms, ants and humans share ways for acquiring helpful and harmful bacteria. State-of-the-art molecular and genomic methods will be used to investigate ancient and modern influences on the symbiosis, the function of the bacteria for host health, and the means of passage and maintenance of the bacterial symbionts over millions of years.Explaining global patterns of biodiversity and their drivers have long been central challenges in the fields of ecology and evolution. Increasingly, it is becoming apparent that biodiversity is itself a function of interactions across different levels of biological organization. Among the metazoans, symbioses with microbes are a defining feature, and individuals are integrated collections of host and symbiont cells, together defining the "holobiont". By studying the diverse and tractable turtle ant system, this research will address the relationships between symbiosis and the dimensions of holobiont biodiversity with unprecedented clarity. Specifically, this research will address: 1) the roles of time, biogeography, and habitat in host diversification (host taxonomic dimension); 2) variation in gut communities across host ant phylogeny, geography, habitat, and ecological niches (symbiont taxonomic dimension integrated with host taxonomic and functional dimensions); 3) the extent of codiversification for ~10 core, host-specific symbiont lineages, and the impacts of host phylogeny, geography, and ecology on symbiont transfer (symbiont taxonomic dimension integrated with host taxonomic and functional dimensions); 4) variation in genome evolution and innovation across symbionts with varying degrees of codiversification, and across genes with varying function (taxonomic, genetic, and functional integration of hosts and symbionts); and 5) symbiont function in light of symbiont genome evolution, host-symbiont codiversification, and host phylogeny, geography, and ecology (taxonomic, genetic, and functional integration of hosts and symbionts).

尽管长期以来，单个动物一直被认为是进化的基本单位，但我们现在知道每种动物实际上都是宿主动物和微生物的共同依赖性集合。这种共同依赖性从远古时代到今天。许多动物依靠肠道细菌来处理食物，并将必需的营养物质纳入宿主自己的组织中。 为了解除这种伙伴关系对宿主和共生肠道细菌的重要性，该项目将研究一个多样化且重要的社会动物群体Turtle Ants。 作为社会生物，蚂蚁和人类分享了获得有用和有害细菌的方法。 最先进的分子和基因组方法将用于研究对共生的古代和现代影响，细菌的宿主健康功能以及数百万年的通过和维护细菌共生体的手段。生物脱位的全球模式及其驱动因素及其驱动因素长期以来一直是Ecology和Ecology of Ecology of Ecology of Ecology of Ecology of Ecology的中心挑战。 越来越明显的是，生物多样性本身就是不同级别的生物组织相互作用的函数。 在后代人中，与微生物的共生性是一个定义特征，个体是宿主和共生细胞的集成集合，共同定义了“ Holobiont”。 通过研究多样化且可处理的海龟系统，这项研究将解决共生与Holobiont生物多样性的维度之间的关系，并以前所未有的清晰度。 具体而言，这项研究将解决：1）时间，生物地理学和栖息地在宿主多样化中的作用（寄主分类学维度）； 2）托管蚂蚁系统发育，地理，栖息地和生态壁ni的肠道群落的变化（共生分类学维度与寄主分类学和功能维度集成在一起）； 3）〜10个核心，宿主特异性共生体谱系的代码化程度以及宿主系统发育，地理和生态学对共生体转移的影响（共生分类学维度与企业分类学和功能维度集成在一起）； 4）跨索引化程度不同的共生体以及具有不同功能的基因（分类学，遗传和宿主和共生体的功能整合）的基因组进化和创新变化；和5）鉴于共生基因组进化，宿主 - 伴侣代码化以及宿主系统发育，地理和生态学（分类学，遗传和宿主和共生体功能整合）的共生函数。