Collaborative Research: Understanding the impact of warming on the structure and function of marine communities

合作研究：了解变暖对海洋群落结构和功能的影响

• 批准号: 1851898
• 负责人: Janet Nye
• 金额: $ 31.06万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1851898&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Understanding; impact; warming

Rising temperatures are impacting marine ecosystems around the world, and the rate of warming is expected to accelerate. The ecosystems in the northwest Atlantic Shelf, including in the Gulf of Maine and Mid-Atlantic Bight, have experienced some of the fastest decadal and 30 year warming rates in the historical record, and these strong warming trends were punctuated by marine heatwaves in 2012, 2016, and 2018. Most studies of climate impacts in the ocean have focused on how rising temperatures affect individual species. This project focuses on the impact of warming, both short-term events and long-term trends, on the entire ecosystem. It leverages the region's recent warming and history of consistent sampling to contrast the properties of the plankton and fish communities in the colder Gulf of Maine with the warmer Mid-Atlantic Bight. Through statistical analyses, size-based modeling, and food web modeling, this project evaluates direct and indirect influences of temperature on biological processes, community characteristics, and emergent ecosystem properties. This study characterizes composition and features of the plankton and fish communities and compares ecosystem changes across space and through time. It also isolates the direct influence of temperature on metabolism and growth from the indirect influence of temperature through changes in the oceanography. An understanding how marine ecosystems respond to warming is essential to successfully manage these ecosystems in a changing climate. The project team is actively engaged in translating knowledge into fisheries management at a regional and national level. This project also educates the next generation of citizens and scientists by expanding the ecosystem modeling activity in the Gulf of Maine Research Institute's LabVenture program, which serves ~10,000 Maine middle school students each year. An online curriculum on modeling, a topic area in the Next Generation Science Standards that many teachers find challenging is under development. The project also supports a postdoctoral researcher and a graduate student and contributes to Stony Brook University's program to encourage participation of women in the sciences.Temperature affects metabolism and growth, with most species growing faster but maturing earlier and at a smaller size in warmer conditions. This project characterizes the direct influence of temperature on fish growth patterns and incorporates this knowledge into a trait-based, size-spectrum model of a fish community. This model quantifies how changes in temperature and zooplankton composition translate into changes in size structure of the fish community. Warming causes poleward movement of species such that traditionally cooler ecosystems come to resemble warmer ecosystems of the past. This project uses a dynamic food-web model to synthesize how changes in species composition have altered the flow of energy in Gulf of Maine and Mid-Atlantic Bight ecosystems. It also quantifies the stability of these communities and their resilience to perturbations like marine heatwaves, with the expectation that gradual warming causes communities to become more diverse and thus more stable, while abrupt warming may have the opposite effect. Both components contrast the ecosystem properties in the warmer mid Atlantic with those in the cooler Gulf of Maine as well as those properties in the past with those under the recent very warm conditions. The comparative approach also untangles the direct impact of warming on organisms from the indirect effects from vertical stratification. In particular, comparing the recent thermally stratified period with the 1990s, when reduced salinity led to an abrupt, multi trophic-level community shift, make it possible to isolate the direct effects of temperature from its influence through hydrography.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

温度上升会影响世界各地的海洋生态系统，预计变暖的速度将加速。西北大西洋货架上的生态系统，包括在缅因州和中大西洋中部的海湾，在历史记录中经历了一些最快的衰老和30年的变暖率，这些强大的变暖趋势在2012年，2016年，2018年和2018年被海洋热浪刺穿了。大多数人的气候对海洋的影响大多都对海洋进行了影响。该项目侧重于变暖，短期事件和长期趋势对整个生态系统的影响。它利用该地区最近的变暖和一致的抽样历史来对比缅因州较冷的海湾浮游生物和鱼类群落的特性与较温暖的中大西洋危险。 通过统计分析，基于尺寸的建模和食品网络建模，该项目评估了温度对生物过程，社区特征和新兴生态系统特性的直接和间接影响。这项研究的特征是浮游生物和鱼类群落的组成和特征，并比较了整个空间和随时间的生态系统变化。 它还通过海洋学的变化从温度的间接影响中分离出温度对代谢和生长的直接影响。了解海洋生态系统如何对变暖的反应对于在不断变化的气候下成功管理这些生态系统至关重要。项目团队积极参与区域和国家一级的渔业管理。该项目还通过在缅因州研究所的Labventure计划中扩展生态系统建模活动来对下一代公民和科学家进行教育，该计划每年为缅因州中学生提供约10,000名学生。关于建模的在线课程，这是许多老师认为具有挑战性的下一代科学标准中的主题领域正在开发中。该项目还支持一名博士后研究员和一名研究生，并为Stony Brook University的计划做出了贡献，以鼓励妇女参与科学。感染会影响代谢和成长，大多数物种的增长速度更快，但在较温暖的条件下较小，并且在较小的尺寸中成熟。该项目表征了温度对鱼类生长模式的直接影响，并将这些知识纳入了鱼类社区的基于特质的，大小的模型。该模型量化了温度变化和浮游动物组成的变化如何转化为鱼类群落大小结构的变化。变暖会引起物种的极力运动，使传统上更凉爽的生态系统类似于过去的温暖生态系统。该项目使用动态的食物 - 网络模型来综合物种组成的变化如何改变了缅因州和中大西洋中期野生生态系统中能量流。它还量化了这些社区的稳定性及其对海洋热浪等扰动的韧性，期望逐渐变暖会导致社区变得更加多样化，因此更稳定，而突然的变暖可能会产生相反的影响。这两种组成部分都将较温暖的大西洋中的生态系统特性与缅因州凉爽的墨西哥湾以及过去的那些特性与最近非常温暖的条件进行了对比。比较方法还解开了垂直分层的间接影响对生物的直接影响。特别是，将最近的热分层期与1990年代进行比较，当盐度降低导致突然，多营养级的社区转移，使得通过水文的奖励，可以通过基金会的知识优点和广泛的crietia criperia cripteria来评估，这反映了NSF的法定任务。

项目成果

Projections of physical conditions in the Gulf of Maine in 2050

• DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2020.20.00055
• 发表时间: 2021-05-06
• 期刊: ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Brickman, Dave;Alexander, Michael A.;Wang, Zeliang
• 通讯作者: Wang, Zeliang

Climate impacts on the Gulf of Maine ecosystem: A review of observed and expected changes in 2050 from rising temperatures

气候对缅因湾生态系统的影响：回顾 2050 年气温上升导致的观测到和预期变化

• DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2020.00076
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Elementa
• 作者: Pershing, Andrew J..;Alexander, Michael A.;Brady, Damian C.;Brickman, D.;Curchitser, EN;Mills, K. E.;Nichols, OC;Pendleton, D. E.;Record, N. R.;Scott, J. D.
• 通讯作者: Scott, J. D.

Acidification and hypoxia interactively affect metabolism in embryos, but not larvae, of the coastal forage fish Menidia menidia

酸化和缺氧交互影响沿海饲料鱼 Menidia menidia 胚胎的代谢，但不影响幼鱼

• DOI: 10.1242/jeb.228015
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of experimental biology
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Schwemmer, T. G. Baumann