Decision making under uncertainty across the lifespan: Cognitive, motivational and neural bases

整个生命周期中不确定性下的决策：认知、动机和神经基础

基本信息

批准号：
1829439
负责人：
Ifat Levy
金额：
$ 69.6万
依托单位：
Yale University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829439&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Decision making under uncertainty across

项目摘要

The aging population in the United States is rapidly rising. Older adults face complicated financial and healthcare decisions, which carry substantial consequences for themselves and for their families. It is therefore of high concern that older adults make more financial mistakes compared to their younger counterparts, and that they are increasingly subjected to exploitation by the people around them. A crucial aspect of most of these decisions is that they are made under conditions of high uncertainty. Shifts in behavior under uncertainty may therefore underlie some of the changes in decision making in aging. The cognitive and motivational bases for these shifts, however, are largely unknown. Understanding these bases is important, because it may guide the development of individually-tailored decision aids. This project aims to characterize age-related changes in uncertainty attitudes in the financial and medical domains, and to determine whether these depend on age-related changes in learning from feedback and in sensitivity to rewards and punishments. Our world is highly uncertain and rapidly changing. Individuals vary substantially in their attitudes towards uncertainty: some seek it, while others avoid it at all costs. An important factor that affects individual uncertainty attitudes is age, yet age-related changes are not uniform, but rather they are context-dependent. This suggests that uncertainty attitudes result from interactions between several context-dependent processes. The studies conducted in this project test the general hypothesis that individual differences in decision traits are linked to differences in basic cognitive and motivational processes, and that age-related changes in these basic processes account for age-related changes in decision traits. Specifically, the studies will test the contribution of three basic processes to uncertainty attitudes: the ability to reduce uncertainty by learning from feedback, sensitivity to rewards, and sensitivity to punishments. The researchers will test this hypothesis in a group of cognitively healthy individuals between the ages of 18 and 90, using two behavioral tasks and one functional MRI task. The behavioral tasks will evaluate: (1) individual attitudes towards uncertainty in multiple domains (money gains, money losses and medical treatments), and (2) individual ability to flexibly learn from feedback. Functional neuroimaging will be used to measure neural responses to anticipated rewards and punishments. Resting-state fMRI will also be measured, to evaluate age-related changes in functional connectivity between brain areas that are involved in valuation, learning and choice. All collected data will be deposited in an open platform for neuroimaging data for public use by other investigators. The proposed work will lead to a detailed understanding of the role of learning, as well as reward and punishment processing, in individual uncertainty attitudes, and age-related changes in these attitudes. This understanding will provide constraints for future research on the neural basis of decision making, as well as policy making and decision aids for older adults. It will also serve as the basis for longitudinal and patient studies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国的人口老龄化正在迅速上升。老年人面临复杂的财务和医疗保健决策，这会给他们自己和家人带来重大影响。因此，令人高度关注的是，与年轻人相比，老年人会犯更多的财务错误，而且他们越来越容易受到周围人的剥削。大多数这些决策的一个重要方面是它们是在高度不确定的条件下做出的。因此，不确定性下的行为转变可能是老龄化决策发生某些变化的基础。然而，这些转变的认知和动机基础在很大程度上是未知的。了解这些基础很重要，因为它可以指导个性化决策辅助工具的开发。该项目旨在描述金融和医疗领域不确定性态度中与年龄相关的变化，并确定这些变化是否依赖于从反馈中学习以及对奖励和惩罚的敏感性方面与年龄相关的变化。我们的世界高度不确定且瞬息万变。每个人对不确定性的态度差异很大：有些人寻求它，而另一些人则不惜一切代价避免它。影响个体不确定性态度的一个重要因素是年龄，但与年龄相关的变化并不统一，而是取决于具体情况。这表明不确定性态度是由几个依赖于情境的过程之间的相互作用造成的。该项目进行的研究测试了一般假设，即决策特征的个体差异与基本认知和动机过程的差异有关，并且这些基本过程中与年龄相关的变化解释了决策特征与年龄相关的变化。具体来说，这些研究将测试三个基本过程对不确定性态度的贡献：通过从反馈中学习来减少不确定性的能力、对奖励的敏感性以及对惩罚的敏感性。研究人员将使用两项行为任务和一项功能性 MRI 任务，在一组 18 岁至 90 岁之间认知健康的个体中测试这一假设。行为任务将评估：（1）个人对多个领域（金钱收益、金钱损失和医疗）中的不确定性的态度，以及（2）个人从反馈中灵活学习的能力。功能神经成像将用于测量对预期奖励和惩罚的神经反应。还将测量静息态功能磁共振成像，以评估涉及评估、学习和选择的大脑区域之间功能连接的与年龄相关的变化。所有收集到的数据将存放在一个开放的神经影像数据平台中，供其他研究人员公开使用。拟议的工作将导致人们详细了解学习、奖励和惩罚处理在个人不确定性态度中的作用，以及这些态度与年龄相关的变化。这种理解将为未来关于决策的神经基础以及老年人的政策制定和决策辅助的研究提供约束。它还将作为纵向研究和患者研究的基础。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Emotional numbing in PTSD is associated with lower amygdala reactivity to pain

PTSD 患者的情绪麻木与杏仁核对疼痛的反应性较低有关

DOI：
10.1038/s41386-022-01405-2
发表时间：
2022-08-09
期刊：
Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Nachshon Korem;O. Duek;Ziv Ben;A. Kaczkurkin;S. Lissek;Temidayo A. Orederu;D. Schiller;I. Harpaz;I. Levy
通讯作者：
I. Levy

Neural Computations of Threat

威胁的神经计算