Drivers of coral and reef-scale calcification in the North Atlantic

北大西洋珊瑚和礁石钙化的驱动因素

• 批准号: 1829778
• 负责人: Andreas Andersson
• 金额: $ 26.55万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829778&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Drivers; coral; reef; scale; calcification

Millions of people around the world are dependent on the ecosystem services provided by coral reefs, which include the provision of nutrition, fishing, tourism, and protection from storms and waves. The foundation for these services is based on the basic principle that coral reefs maintain positive calcium carbonate accretion, which is facilitated by the production of calcium carbonate by corals and other marine calcifiers. For the past several decades, coral reef calcium carbonate production has declined in many reef systems throughout the world primarily due to coral bleaching, coral disease, and poor water quality. Current projections suggest that this production will continue to decline in response to future ocean warming and acidification. However, our knowledge of how environmental parameters control coral and reef-scale calcification rates in situ is not complete and limits our understanding of the underlying mechanisms for past and future changes in coral and reef-scale calcium carbonate production. Thus, the research proposed here seeks to quantify how coral calcification rates, determined from image analysis of coral cores collected in Bermuda, have varied as a function of environmental parameters across space and time. This analysis is made possible by the existence of time-series datasets of physical and chemical parameters offshore in the Sargasso Sea and inshore where the coral cores were collected. The combination of data will offer new insights to the environmental controls of coral and reef-scale calcification. Furthermore, the investigators will engage in educational field and classroom activities with Ocean Discovery Institute (ODI) in San Diego. ODI's mission is to engage, educate, and inspire youth from diverse backgrounds through scientific explorations of the ocean and nature, and specifically work with students from underserved communities. The research to be conducted here seeks to understand the relative importance of different environmental drivers of coral and reef-scale calcification on seasonal to interannual timescales. To accomplish this, the investigators will characterize the skeletal density, extension, and calcification rates of 42 coral cores extracted from three different species (Diploria labyrinthiformis, Pseudodiploria strigosa and Orbicella franksi) at five different sites from the Bermuda coral reef platform using computed tomography (CT) scanning techniques. Seasonal measurements of coral skeletal parameters will be analyzed in conjunction with a unique decadal time series of monthly resolved in situ seawater physical-biogeochemical parameters. The investigators will also conduct stable isotope and trace metal geochemical analyses (18O, 13C, Sr/Ca, Cd/Ca) of the coral skeleton to evaluate and construct additional proxy records of environmental conditions for the duration of the coral cores. This combination of coral growth, environmental, and geochemical datasets provides an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the relative importance of different environmental drivers on coral and reef-scale calcification rates between three dominant coral species along inshore-offshore gradients and over seasonal and interannual timescales. No such other datasets currently exist and the proposed research has strong potential to contribute to scientific advancement in several areas. The coral calcification record coupled with the geochemical proxies and the monthly in situ seawater biogeochemistry data will help to elucidate causal links between coral calcification and its environmental drivers, including interannual variability linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation. In addition, evaluation and validation of the trace metals and isotopic proxies in the context of the well-constrained environmental data have the potential to greatly assist the coral paleoceanography community in generating more robust reconstructions of past environmental conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

世界各地数百万人依赖珊瑚礁提供的生态系统服务，其中包括提供营养、渔业、旅游业以及抵御风暴和海浪的保护。这些服务的基础是珊瑚礁保持碳酸钙正积聚的基本原则，而珊瑚和其他海洋钙化物产生的碳酸钙促进了这种积聚。在过去的几十年里，世界各地许多珊瑚礁系统的珊瑚礁碳酸钙产量下降，主要原因是珊瑚白化、珊瑚疾病和水质不佳。目前的预测表明，由于未来海洋变暖和酸化，产量将继续下降。然而，我们对环境参数如何控制珊瑚和礁石级钙化率的了解并不完整，并且限制了我们对珊瑚和礁石级碳酸钙生产过去和未来变化的基本机制的理解。因此，这里提出的研究旨在量化珊瑚钙化率（通过对百慕大收集的珊瑚芯的图像分析确定）如何随空间和时间的环境参数而变化。由于马尾藻海近海和收集珊瑚核心的近海物理和化学参数的时间序列数据集的存在，使得这种分析成为可能。数据的结合将为珊瑚和礁石规模钙化的环境控制提供新的见解。此外，研究人员将与圣地亚哥海洋探索研究所（ODI）一起参与教育领域和课堂活动。 ODI 的使命是通过对海洋和自然的科学探索，吸引、教育和激励来自不同背景的年轻人，特别是与来自服务欠缺社区的学生合作。这里进行的研究旨在了解珊瑚和礁石钙化的不同环境驱动因素在季节到年际时间尺度上的相对重要性。为了实现这一目标，研究人员将使用计算机断层扫描技术，在百慕大珊瑚礁平台的五个不同地点，从三种不同物种（Diploria labyrinthiformis、Pseudodiploria strigosa 和 Orbicella Franksi）中提取的 42 个珊瑚核的骨骼密度、延伸和钙化率进行表征。 CT）扫描技术。珊瑚骨骼参数的季节性测量将结合每月原位海水物理生物地球化学参数的独特十年时间序列进行分析。研究人员还将对珊瑚骨架进行稳定同位素和痕量金属地球化学分析（18O、13C、Sr/Ca、Cd/Ca），以评估和构建珊瑚核心存续期间环境条件的额外代理记录。珊瑚生长、环境和地球化学数据集的结合提供了前所未有的机会，可以评估不同环境驱动因素对沿着近海-近海梯度以及季节和年际时间尺度的三种主要珊瑚物种之间的珊瑚和礁石规模钙化率的相对重要性。目前不存在此类其他数据集，并且拟议的研究具有为多个领域的科学进步做出贡献的巨大潜力。珊瑚钙化记录加上地球化学代理和每月原位海水生物地球化学数据将有助于阐明珊瑚钙化与其环境驱动因素之间的因果关系，包括与北大西洋涛动相关的年际变化。此外，在严格的环境数据背景下对痕量金属和同位素代理进行评估和验证有可能极大地帮助珊瑚古海洋学界对过去的环境条件进行更稳健的重建。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命和通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，该项目被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Lateral, Vertical, and Temporal Variability of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry at Hog Reef, Bermuda

百慕大猪礁海水碳酸盐化学的横向、垂直和时间变化

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.562267
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Pezner, Ariel K.;Courtney, Travis A.;Page, Heather N.;Giddings, Sarah N.;Beatty, Cory M.;DeGrandpre, Michael D.;Andersson, Andreas J.
• 通讯作者: Andersson, Andreas J.

Increasing hypoxia on global coral reefs under ocean warming

• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01619-2
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Nature Climate Change
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: A. K. Pezner;T. Courtney;H. Barkley;W. Chou;H. Chu;Samantha M. Clements;Tyler J. Cyronak;M. DeGrandpre;S. Kekuewa;D. Kline;Yi-Bei Liang;T. Martz;S. Mitarai;Heather N. Page;M. S. Rintoul;J. Smith;K. Soong;Y. Takeshita;M. Tresguerres;Yi Wei;K. Yates;A. Andersson