Drivers of coral and reef-scale calcification in the North Atlantic

北大西洋珊瑚和礁石钙化的驱动因素

• 批准号: 1829778
• 负责人: Andreas Andersson
• 金额: $ 26.55万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829778&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Drivers; coral; reef; scale; calcification

Millions of people around the world are dependent on the ecosystem services provided by coral reefs, which include the provision of nutrition, fishing, tourism, and protection from storms and waves. The foundation for these services is based on the basic principle that coral reefs maintain positive calcium carbonate accretion, which is facilitated by the production of calcium carbonate by corals and other marine calcifiers. For the past several decades, coral reef calcium carbonate production has declined in many reef systems throughout the world primarily due to coral bleaching, coral disease, and poor water quality. Current projections suggest that this production will continue to decline in response to future ocean warming and acidification. However, our knowledge of how environmental parameters control coral and reef-scale calcification rates in situ is not complete and limits our understanding of the underlying mechanisms for past and future changes in coral and reef-scale calcium carbonate production. Thus, the research proposed here seeks to quantify how coral calcification rates, determined from image analysis of coral cores collected in Bermuda, have varied as a function of environmental parameters across space and time. This analysis is made possible by the existence of time-series datasets of physical and chemical parameters offshore in the Sargasso Sea and inshore where the coral cores were collected. The combination of data will offer new insights to the environmental controls of coral and reef-scale calcification. Furthermore, the investigators will engage in educational field and classroom activities with Ocean Discovery Institute (ODI) in San Diego. ODI's mission is to engage, educate, and inspire youth from diverse backgrounds through scientific explorations of the ocean and nature, and specifically work with students from underserved communities. The research to be conducted here seeks to understand the relative importance of different environmental drivers of coral and reef-scale calcification on seasonal to interannual timescales. To accomplish this, the investigators will characterize the skeletal density, extension, and calcification rates of 42 coral cores extracted from three different species (Diploria labyrinthiformis, Pseudodiploria strigosa and Orbicella franksi) at five different sites from the Bermuda coral reef platform using computed tomography (CT) scanning techniques. Seasonal measurements of coral skeletal parameters will be analyzed in conjunction with a unique decadal time series of monthly resolved in situ seawater physical-biogeochemical parameters. The investigators will also conduct stable isotope and trace metal geochemical analyses (18O, 13C, Sr/Ca, Cd/Ca) of the coral skeleton to evaluate and construct additional proxy records of environmental conditions for the duration of the coral cores. This combination of coral growth, environmental, and geochemical datasets provides an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the relative importance of different environmental drivers on coral and reef-scale calcification rates between three dominant coral species along inshore-offshore gradients and over seasonal and interannual timescales. No such other datasets currently exist and the proposed research has strong potential to contribute to scientific advancement in several areas. The coral calcification record coupled with the geochemical proxies and the monthly in situ seawater biogeochemistry data will help to elucidate causal links between coral calcification and its environmental drivers, including interannual variability linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation. In addition, evaluation and validation of the trace metals and isotopic proxies in the context of the well-constrained environmental data have the potential to greatly assist the coral paleoceanography community in generating more robust reconstructions of past environmental conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

世界各地数百万人取决于珊瑚礁提供的生态系统服务，其中包括提供营养，钓鱼，旅游业以及防止风暴和海浪的保护。这些服务的基础是基于珊瑚礁保持阳性碳酸钙积聚的基本原则，这是由珊瑚和其他海洋钙化剂碳酸钙产生的促进的。在过去的几十年中，全世界许多礁石系统的珊瑚礁钙的产量一直在下降，这主要是由于珊瑚漂白，珊瑚病和水质差。当前的预测表明，该产量将继续响应未来的海洋变暖和酸化。但是，我们对环境参数如何控制珊瑚和珊瑚礁规模的钙化速率的了解并不完整，并且限制了我们对珊瑚和珊瑚礁钙钙钙生产中过去和未来变化的基本机制的理解。因此，此处提出的研究旨在量化从百慕大收集的珊瑚核心的图像分析确定的珊瑚钙化速率如何随着时间和时间的环境参数的函数而变化。通过收集岩心岩心的萨尔加索海和近海的近海物理和化学参数的时间序列数据集，可以实现这种分析。数据的组合将为珊瑚和珊瑚礁规模钙化的环境控制提供新的见解。此外，调查人员将与圣地亚哥的海洋发现研究所（ODI）一起从事教育领域和课堂活动。 ODI的使命是通过对海洋和自然的科学探索，特别是与服务不足社区的学生合作，参与，教育和启发来自不同背景的青年。此处进行的研究旨在了解珊瑚和珊瑚礁规模钙化在季节到年际时期尺度的不同环境驱动因素的相对重要性。为此，调查人员将在五个不同的物种（文凭，迷宫型，strigosa和orbicella franksi）中从五个不同的物种中提取的42个珊瑚核的骨骼密度，扩展和钙化速率来表征五个不同物种的核心核心，并在五个不同的地点从Bermuda Coref平台上使用计算机（CT）（CT）（CT）的五个不同地点进行了骨骼密度，扩展和钙化。珊瑚骨骼参数的季节性测量将与一个独特的衰老时间序列分析，每月解决现场海水物理生物地球化学参数。研究人员还将进行稳定的同位素和痕量金属地球化学分析（18O，13C，SR/CA，CD/CA），以评估和构建核心核心期间环境条件的其他代理记录。珊瑚生长，环境和地球化学数据集的这种结合提供了一个前所未有的机会，以评估不同环境驱动因素对沿海地区沿岸沿岸梯度的三个主要珊瑚种类之间的珊瑚和珊瑚礁尺度钙化速率相对重要，并且对季节性和年龄段的时间表。目前还没有这样的其他数据集，并且拟议的研究具有强大的潜力，可以为多个领域的科学进步做出贡献。珊瑚钙化记录与地球化学代理以及每月的原位海水生物地球化学数据将有助于阐明珊瑚钙化与其环境驱动因素之间的因果关系，包括与北大西洋振荡相关的年际变异性。此外，在受良好约束的环境数据的背景下，对痕量金属和同位素代理的评估和验证有可能极大地帮助珊瑚古代志学界社区产生对过去环境条件的更强大的重建。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的智能效果来评估了NSF的法定任务，并具有值得评估的支持。

项目成果

Lateral, Vertical, and Temporal Variability of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry at Hog Reef, Bermuda

百慕大猪礁海水碳酸盐化学的横向、垂直和时间变化

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.562267
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Pezner, Ariel K.;Courtney, Travis A.;Page, Heather N.;Giddings, Sarah N.;Beatty, Cory M.;DeGrandpre, Michael D.;Andersson, Andreas J.
• 通讯作者: Andersson, Andreas J.

Increasing hypoxia on global coral reefs under ocean warming

• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01619-2
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Nature Climate Change
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: A. K. Pezner;T. Courtney;H. Barkley;W. Chou;H. Chu;Samantha M. Clements;Tyler J. Cyronak;M. DeGrandpre;S. Kekuewa;D. Kline;Yi-Bei Liang;T. Martz;S. Mitarai;Heather N. Page;M. S. Rintoul;J. Smith;K. Soong;Y. Takeshita;M. Tresguerres;Yi Wei;K. Yates;A. Andersson