Collaborative Research: Understanding drivers of innovation in the use of science in Federal NEPA decision-making

合作研究：了解联邦 NEPA 决策中科学运用的创新驱动因素

• 批准号: 1829239
• 负责人: Gwen Arnold
• 金额: $ 15.7万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829239&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Understanding; drivers; innovation

Effective public decision-making requires an evidence-based approach, and leading scientists frequently call for producing policy-relevant science, yet little is known about how government officials use science in their day-to-day work. This project will fill this gap by conducting a systematic analysis of use of science in thousands of decisions about environmental policy made at multiple levels of the US federal government. We focus on the contents of Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) prepared by the US Forest Service (USFS) under the National Environmental Policy Act. Providing a more detailed picture of how scientific information is used in government decision-making will enable government agencies to improve the processes through which they incorporate scientific information. At the same time, providing details of what types of scientific information are utilized in public decision-making processes will help scientists, universities, and funding agencies prioritize science that is policy-relevant. To forward these goals, the project will publish an index that will assist scientists in comparing the policy impact of different publications and will conduct outreach activities with environmental planners to help them understand the implications of the research.This project will use web scraping and computational text analysis to collect and analyze the use of science in all USFS EISs produced between 2006 and 2018. These EISs record the scientific basis for at least 2,000 decisions made about public land management in a wide variety of contexts. The project has two objectives: (1) Understand what drives the inclusion of innovative scientific information (data, facts, evidence) in USFS EISs; and (2) Understand what drives the adoption of innovative scientific practices (operating procedures, protocols, norms) by USFS decision-makers preparing EISs. Using computational text analysis and machine learning tools, we will measure various aspects of the scientific content of each document such as citations, key concepts, and analytical practices. We will combine this information with publicly available data about the scientific information in each document, such as place of publication, employer of the scientists producing the document, extent of public participation in the document?s preparation, and the government office using the scientific information. This analysis will help in understanding how characteristics of scientific information and characteristics of government offices influence how science is used in public decision-making processes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

有效的公共决策需要一种基于证据的方法，领先的科学家经常呼吁制定与政策相关的科学，但对于政府官员如何在日常工作中使用科学知之甚少。该项目将通过对成千上万的关于在美国联邦政府多个层面做出的环境政策的决策中进行系统分析来填补这一空白。我们专注于《国家环境政策法》根据美国森林服务局（USFS）编写的环境影响声明（EIS）的内容。提供更详细的图片，说明政府决策如何在政府决策中使用的科学信息将使政府机构能够改善它们纳入科学信息的过程。同时，提供公共决策过程中使用哪些类型的科学信息的详细信息将帮助科学家，大学和资助机构优先考虑与政策相关的科学。为了揭示这些目标，该项目将发布一个指数，将帮助科学家比较不同出版物的政策影响，并将与环境计划者进行外展活动，以帮助他们了解研究的含义。本项目将使用网络刮擦和计算文本分析来收集和分析在2006年和2018年之间产生的所有USF的科学在所有USF中的使用。该项目有两个目标：（1）了解驱动USFS EISS中创新科学信息（数据，事实，证据）的原因； （2）了解是什么推动了USFS决策者准备EISS的创新科学实践（操作程序，协议，规范）。使用计算文本分析和机器学习工具，我们将衡量每个文档的科学内容的各个方面，例如引用，关键概念和分析实践。我们将将这些信息与每个文档中科学信息的公开数据相结合，例如出版的地点，生产该文件的科学家的雇主，公众参与文件的准备工作的范围以及使用科学信息的政府办公室。该分析将有助于理解政府办公室的科学信息和特征的特征如何影响科学在公共决策过程中的使用方式。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估评估的评估来支持的。

项目成果

After the vote: climate policy decision-making in the administrative state

投票后：行政国家的气候政策决策

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2021.06.014
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
• 影响因子: 7.2
• 作者: Struthers, Cory L;Arnold, Gwen;Scott, Tyler A;Fleischman, Forrest
• 通讯作者: Fleischman, Forrest

The Forest Ranger (and the Legislator): How Local Congressional Politics Shape Policy Implementation in Agency Field Offices

护林员（和立法者）：地方国会政治如何影响机构外地办事处的政策实施

• DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muab037
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Struthers, Cory L.;Scott, Tyler A.;Fleischman, Forrest;Arnold, Gwen
• 通讯作者: Arnold, Gwen