RUI: Improving LIGO Optics and Data Quality to Increase the Rate and Accuracy of Gravitational-Wave Observations

RUI：改进 LIGO 光学器件和数据质量，提高引力波观测的速率和精度

• 批准号: 1807069
• 负责人: Joshua Smith
• 金额: $ 29.95万
• 依托单位: CSU Fullerton Auxiliary Services Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1807069&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Improving; LIGO; Optics; Data

A century after the prediction of gravitational waves by Albert Einstein, the NSF-funded Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (Advanced LIGO) opened a new window on the Universe by discovering gravitational waves from merging binary systems of black holes and neutron stars. This award will extend the reach of Advanced LIGO, helping it to achieve its full promise. In particular, it will support research to reduce the amount of light that is "lost" when it hits the optics in gravitational-wave detectors and to apply Machine Learning techniques to find and remove disturbances in the detector data. This research will involve and provide transferable skills to a diverse team of undergraduate and Master's students at California State University Fullerton, a primarily undergraduate and Hispanic-serving institution. The results of this research will improve upon the state-of-the art in optics and deepen our understanding of the Universe through new gravitational-wave discoveries. This award renews support for California State University Fullerton's experimental gravitational-wave physics program. The PI will lead a team of undergraduate and master's students in research focused on two areas critical to extending the reach of Advanced LIGO. First, they will adapt techniques from Machine Learning to identify the physical processes that cause time-varying noise in the instruments and work to ameliorate them. This will increase the rate of gravitational-wave observations and the accuracy of the information extracted from them. Second, they will conduct experiments to identify the mechanisms behind light scattering in gravitational-wave detector optics, a key to the quantum noise that directly limits LIGO's sensitivity. A new instrument will be developed to test whether the long mysterious point-like scatter from LIGO optics is related to micro-crystals formed during annealing of the optics. This work will lead to higher quality optics and improve quantum-noise reduction techniques such as squeezed light in future gravitational-wave observatories.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦预言引力波一个世纪后，美国国家科学基金会资助的先进激光干涉仪引力波天文台（Advanced LIGO）通过发现黑洞和中子星合并双星系统产生的引力波，打开了观察宇宙的新窗口。该奖项将扩大 Advanced LIGO 的影响范围，帮助其实现其全部承诺。特别是，它将支持研究减少撞击引力波探测器中的光学器件时“损失”的光量，并应用机器学习技术来查找和消除探测器数据中的干扰。这项研究将涉及加州州立大学富勒顿分校的多元化本科生和硕士生团队，并向其提供可转移的技能，该大学主要为本科生和西班牙裔服务。这项研究的结果将改进光学领域的最新技术，并通过新的引力波发现加深我们对宇宙的理解。 该奖项再次支持加州州立大学富勒顿分校的实验引力波物理项目。 PI 将领导一个由本科生和硕士生组成的团队进行研究，重点关注对扩大高级 LIGO 影响范围至关重要的两个领域。首先，他们将采用机器学习技术来识别导致仪器中随时间变化的噪音的物理过程，并努力改善它们。这将提高引力波观测的速度以及从中提取信息的准确性。其次，他们将进行实验来确定引力波探测器光学器件中光散射背后的机制，这是直接限制 LIGO 灵敏度的量子噪声的关键。将开发一种新仪器来测试 LIGO 光学器件产生的长神秘点状散射是否与光学器件退火过程中形成的微晶体有关。这项工作将带来更高质量的光学器件并改进量子降噪技术，例如未来引力波天文台中的压缩光。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持标准。

项目成果

GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs

GWTC-1：LIGO 和 Virgo 在第一次和第二次观测运行期间观测到的紧凑双星合并的引力波瞬态目录

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.9.031040
• 发表时间: 2019-09
• 期刊: Physical Review X
• 影响因子: 12.5
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Imaging Scatterometer for Observing Changes to Optical Coatings During Air Annealing

用于观察空气退火过程中光学涂层变化的成像散射仪

• DOI: 10.1364/oic.2022.thb.3
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Optical Interference Coatings Conference (OIC
• 作者: Rezac, Michael;Martinez, Daniel;Gleckl, Amy;Smith, Joshua R.
• 通讯作者: Smith, Joshua R.

Identifying correlations between LIGO’s astronomical range and auxiliary sensors using lasso regression

使用套索回归识别 LIGO 天文范围和辅助传感器之间的相关性

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/aae593
• 发表时间: 2018-11
• 期刊: Classical and Quantum Gravity
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Walker, Marissa;Agnew, Alfonso F;Bidler, Jeffrey;Lundgren, Andrew;Macedo, Alexandra;Macleod, Duncan;Massinger, T J;Patane, Oliver;Smith, Joshua R
• 通讯作者: Smith, Joshua R

Apparatus to Measure Optical Scatter of Coatings Versus Annealing Temperature

测量涂层光学散射与退火温度的仪器

• DOI: 10.1364/oic.2019.fa.2
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: 2019
• 作者: Smith, Joshua R.;Adhikari, Rana X;Aleman, Katerin M.;Avila;Billingsley, Garilynn;Gleckl, Amy;Guerrero, Jazlyn;Markosyan, Ashot;Penn, Steven;Rocha, Juan A.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First Half of the Third Observing Run

GWTC-2：LIGO 和 Virgo 在第三次观测运行的前半段观测到的致密双星合并

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.11.021053
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Physical Review X
• 影响因子: 12.5
• 作者: Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, A.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al