Collaborative Research: Precision Tests of Physics Beyond the Standard Model with Antihydrogen

合作研究：超越标准模型的反氢物理精度测试

• 批准号: 1806380
• 负责人: Francis Robicheaux
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1806380&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Precision; Tests; Physics

The goal of this research, part of the ALPHA Collaboration, is to search for differences between the properties of hydrogen and antihydrogen, the antimatter counterpart to hydrogen. According to very general principles that underlie our mathematical description of the physical world, the atomic physics of antihydrogen should be identical to that of hydrogen. Any differences in the atomic physics or gravitational dynamics between antihydrogen and hydrogen would challenge the very basis of established mathematical descriptions of the world around us. The collaboration's high-precision measurements may shed light on one of the most important questions in physics, known as the baryon asymmetry, which is the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the observable universe. This award is made under the NSF/DOE Partnership in Basic Plasma Science and Engineering and will support the collaboration's effort at Purdue University and an undergraduate student at University of California, Berkeley as complementary to a DOE award made under the joint program. The goal of this research, part of the ALPHA Collaboration, is to search for differences between the properties of hydrogen and antihydrogen; such differences could only result from Charge-Parity-Time (CPT) or Weak Equivalence Principle violation. The ALPHA collaboration at CERN has progressed from trapping antihydrogen to measuring its positron spin flip frequency, somewhat crudely its gravitational properties, its charge neutrality, its 1S-2S spectrum, and its hyperfine spectrum. Significant improvement in the precision of all these measurements is expected during the duration of this funding period. In the near term, ALPHA is constructing, and is expected to install, a new vertical experimental apparatus, ALPHAg, to conduct an up/down gravity measurement. In parallel, it will continue measurements on the optical and hyperfine spectra of antihydrogen. During the upcoming two-year CERN shutdown, ALPHA will fully prepare ALPHAg and will build a new atomic spectrum trap, ALPHA-III. During the final two years of funding, plans call for carrying out high-precision measurements utilizing fine scale magnetometry for gravity measurements at the 1% level; and applying laser and adiabatic cooling for high-precision measurements of the Lamb shift, the anti-Rydberg constant, charge neutrality, and the hyperfine spectrum. Moreover, unlike many CPT tests, ALPHA's tests are model-independent and do not presume a particular CPT breaking mechanismThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究是 ALPHA Collaboration 的一部分，其目标是寻找氢和反氢（氢的反物质对应物）性质之间的差异。 根据我们对物理世界的数学描述的非常普遍的原理，反氢的原子物理学应该与氢的原子物理学相同。反氢和氢之间原子物理学或引力动力学的任何差异都将挑战我们周围世界的既定数学描述的基础。此次合作的高精度测量可能会揭示物理学中最重要的问题之一，即重子不对称性，即可观测宇宙中物质相对于反物质的优势。 该奖项是在基础等离子体科学与工程领域的 NSF/DOE 合作伙伴关系下颁发的，将支持普渡大学和加州大学伯克利分校本科生的合作努力，作为对根据联合计划颁发的 DOE 奖项的补充。 这项研究是 ALPHA Collaboration 的一部分，其目标是寻找氢和反氢性质之间的差异；这种差异只能是由于违反电荷宇称时间 (CPT) 或弱等效原理而造成的。 CERN 的 ALPHA 合作已经从捕获反氢发展到测量其正电子自旋翻转频率，粗略地测量其引力特性、电荷中性、1S-2S 谱和超精细谱。 预计在本次资助期间，所有这些测量的精度将显着提高。近期，ALPHA 正在建造并预计安装新的垂直实验装置 ALPHAg，以进行上/下重力测量。与此同时，它将继续测量反氢的光学和超精细光谱。在即将到来的两年 CERN 停摆期间，ALPHA 将充分准备 ALPHAg，并将建造一个新的原子光谱陷阱 ALPHA-III。 在资助的最后两年，计划要求利用精细磁力测量法进行高精度测量，以进行 1% 水平的重力测量；并应用激光和绝热冷却来高精度测量兰姆位移、反里德伯常数、电荷中性和超精细光谱。 此外，与许多 CPT 测试不同，ALPHA 的测试是独立于模型的，并且不假定特定的 CPT 破坏机制。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Simulations of sawtooth-wave adiabatic passage with losses

有损耗的锯齿波绝热通道的模拟

• DOI: 10.1103/physreva.101.013422
• 发表时间: 2020-01
• 期刊: Physical Review A
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Gan, Johann;Pantalon, M. E.;Robicheaux, F.
• 通讯作者: Robicheaux, F.

Theory of the line shape of the 1S–2S transition for magnetically trapped antihydrogen

磁俘获反氢1S→2S跃迁线形理论

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/ac2c8a
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: Molecular and Optical Physics
• 作者: Gustafson, R A;Robicheaux, F
• 通讯作者: Robicheaux, F

Sympathetic cooling of positrons to cryogenic temperatures for antihydrogen production

将正电子交感冷却至低温以产生反氢

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26086-1
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Nature Communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Baker, C. J.;Bertsche, W.;Capra, A.;Cesar, C. L.;Charlton, M.;Mathad, A. Cridland;Eriksson, S.;Evans, A.;Evetts, N.;Fabbri, S.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Laser cooling of antihydrogen atoms

反氢原子的激光冷却

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03289-6
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Baker, C. J.;Bertsche, W.;Capra, A.;Carruth, C.;Cesar, C. L.;Charlton, M.;Christensen, A.;Collister, R.;Mathad, A. Cridland;Eriksson, S.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Computational and theoretical analysis of electron plasma cooling by resonant interaction with a microwave cavity

通过与微波腔谐振相互作用进行电子等离子体冷却的计算和理论分析

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0012756
• 发表时间: 2020-08
• 期刊: Physics of Plasmas
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Kur, E.;Robicheaux, F.;Evetts, N.;Fajans, J.;Guerra, A.;Hardy, W. N.;Hunter, E. D.;Schroeder, Z. T.;Wurtele, J. S.
• 通讯作者: Wurtele, J. S.