CRCNS Research Proposal: Collaborative Research: Prioritization of memory reactivation for decision-making

CRCNS 研究提案：合作研究：优先考虑记忆重新激活以进行决策

• 批准号: 1822619
• 负责人: Daphna Shohamy
• 金额: $ 37.5万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-10-01 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1822619&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CRCNS; Research; Proposal; Collaborative; Prioritization

The decisions we make are shaped by memories of our previous experiences. Indeed, what decision you make may ultimately depend on which memories your brain accesses, and which ones you neglect, in contemplating a potential action's outcome. This project aims to measure memory access in support of choices, using functional neuroimaging, so as to study which memories are accessed when, and how retrieving these memories affects the choices people make, either immediately or later on. Understanding these processes will lay the foundation for a better, more unified understanding of many diverse phenomena affecting choices - planning, when habits arise, the role of dreams, and the impacts of advertising. This could also improve our understanding of maladaptive choice in various disorders, such as rumination, compulsion, and craving. The experiments also aim to examine how manipulating the structure of previous experience affects these memory-access patterns, and ultimately choices. In addition to its scientific aims, the project aims to train young scientists in an interdisciplinary range of techniques, combining computational and cognitive neuroscience, and to serve diversity especially by facilitating training of women in these areas.Actions can be separated from their consequences by many steps in space and time. Anticipating these consequences so as to choose the best actions requires integrating memories of multiple intermediate events, which often were not originally experienced together. But so far there has been a lack of a principled and unified account of which memories are accessed, when, and which are neglected, to support value-based decisions. This project aims to test a recent computational theory that formalizes the ways in which particular memories are accessed and integrated to evaluate options, and the consequences for choice. The overarching hypothesis is that the brain sequentially integrates multiple memories for separate experiences either retroactively or prospectively, prioritizing the most valuable ones depending on the statistics of previous experience. The project will test this hypothesis using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in humans that will be engaged in solving several reinforcement-learning tasks. The project will take advantage of category-specific visual activity to measure memory access at different points during acquisition and deliberation, compare these patterns to subsequent choices, and test whether manipulations of the statistical structure of experience affects both memory access and the resulting choices.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

我们做出的决定是由我们以前经历的记忆所塑造的。的确，您做出的决定最终可能取决于您的大脑所获得的记忆以及您忽略了哪些记忆，即在考虑潜在行动的结果时。该项目旨在使用功能性神经影像学来衡量支持选择的内存访问，以便研究何时访问哪些记忆，以及检索这些记忆如何影响人们做出的选择，立即或以后。了解这些过程将为对许多不同的现象的更好，更统一的理解奠定基础，这些现象影响了选择的选择 - 习惯，梦想的作用以及广告的影响。这也可以提高我们对各种疾病的适应不良选择的理解，例如反省，强迫和渴望。该实验还旨在研究如何操纵先前经验的结构如何影响这些记忆访问模式，并最终选择选择。除了其科学目标外，该项目还旨在在跨学科的技术范围内培训年轻科学家，结合了计算和认知神经科学，并尤其是通过促进在这些领域的妇女培训的培训来表现多样性。在空间和时间的许多步骤中，行为可以与他们的后果分开。预见这些后果以选择最佳动作需要整合多个中间事件的记忆，这些事件通常不是最初经历的。但是到目前为止，缺乏有原则的和统一的说法，即访问哪些记忆，何时和被忽视，以支持基于价值的决策。该项目旨在测试最新的计算理论，该理论正式访问和集成了特定记忆以评估选项的方式以及对选择的后果。总体假设是，大脑会依次或前瞻性地整合多个记忆，以根据先前经验的统计数据优先考虑最有价值的经验。该项目将使用人类中的功能磁共振成像来检验该假设，这些磁共振成像将参与解决几项加强学习任务。 The project will take advantage of category-specific visual activity to measure memory access at different points during acquisition and deliberation, compare these patterns to subsequent choices, and test whether manipulations of the statistical structure of experience affects both memory access and the resulting choices.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

项目成果

What Are Memories For? The Hippocampus Bridges Past Experience with Future Decisions

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.04.004
• 发表时间: 2020-07-01
• 期刊: TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
• 影响因子: 19.9
• 作者: Biderman, Natalie;Bakkour, Akram;Shohamy, Daphna
• 通讯作者: Shohamy, Daphna