CAREER: Integrating Neuroimaging and Patient Studies of Learning and Decision Making

职业：整合神经影像学和患者学习和决策研究

• 批准号: 0955494
• 负责人: Daphna Shohamy
• 金额: $ 79.45万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0955494&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Integrating; Neuroimaging; Patient; Studies

Learning is essential to behavior, enabling organisms to draw on past experience to improve choices. A fundamental question is how different brain systems involved in learning interact to support adaptive decisions. With funding from the National Science Foundation, Daphne Shohamy is addressing this fundamental question. One way in which people gradually learn the relationship between actions and outcomes is by using trial-by-error feedback. This type of learning has traditionally been defined as implicit or habitual, and it is thought to depend on a neural structure called the striatum. A distinct and independent learning system is thought to uniquely support explicit memory for facts and events and to depend on the hippocampus. Emerging data suggest that this dual-system view of memory is over-simplified. This research program explores how different brain systems for learning interact and jointly guide behavior. The project adopts an integrative approach that draws on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in healthy individuals, combined with studies of learning in patients with isolated damage to specific brain systems. Imaging studies provide insight into the spatial and temporal characteristics of brain and cognitive mechanisms. Patient studies augment evidence of the necessity of a system for specific learning processes. By integrating functional imaging and patient research, results from this project will contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of the striatum and the hippocampus in learning, and of how these learning systems interact to guide adaptive behavior.This research program provides unique opportunities for training and education at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Integrating multiple core tools of cognitive neuroscience (functional imaging, patient studies, behavioral analyses), students are trained in different approaches to a unified research question. Through this training, they learn to value the principle of converging methods, a theme that is further emphasized in a program of regular joint meetings with students and faculty in laboratories with complementary expertise. Determining the brain and cognitive mechanisms underlying different forms of learning will lay the foundation for potential future interventions to improve education and treat learning deficits, both in healthy individuals and in individuals with brain disorders. To facilitate this translational process, the research program forms the basis of a program of public outreach about the relevance of research on learning and the brain for education and public health. Public lectures and an undergraduate course on cognitive neuroscience in the media focus on broad communication of the relevance of cognitive neuroscience research for many aspects of society, including education, law and medicine.

学习对于行为至关重要，使生物体能够利用过去的经验来改善选择。一个基本的问题是，与学习相互作用的不同大脑系统如何支持适应性决策。在国家科学基金会的资助下，达芙妮·肖哈米（Daphne Shohamy）正在解决这个基本问题。人们逐渐学习行动和结果之间关系的一种方法是使用反复反馈。传统上，这种学习类型被定义为隐式或习惯，它被认为取决于一种称为纹状体的神经结构。一个独特的独立学习系统被认为是为了唯一地支持事实和事件的明确记忆，并依赖海马。新兴数据表明，这种双重系统的内存视图过于简化。该研究计划探讨了如何进行学习的不同大脑系统相互作用和共同指导行为。该项目采用了一种综合方法，该方法借鉴了健康个体的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究，并结合对特定脑系统孤立损害的患者的学习研究。成像研究提供了对大脑和认知机制的空间和时间特征的见解。患者研究增强了针对特定学习过程的系统必要性的证据。通过整合功能成像和患者研究，该项目的结果将有助于更深入地了解纹状体和海马在学习中的作用，以及这些学习系统如何进行自适应行为的相互作用。本研究计划为培训和研究生水平提供了独特的培训和教育机会。 整合了认知神经科学的多种核心工具（功能成像，患者研究，行为分析），以不同的方法培训了学生的统一研究问题。通过这项培训，他们学会了重视融合方法的原则，这一主题在与学生和具有互补专业知识的实验室的学生和教职员工的定期联合会议计划中进一步强调。确定不同形式的学习形式的大脑和认知机制将为未来的干预措施改善教育和治疗学习缺陷的潜在干预措施，无论是在健康的个体还是在患有脑部疾病的个体中。为了促进这一转化过程，研究计划构成了公众宣传计划的基础，该计划涉及学习研究以及大脑在教育和公共卫生方面的相关性。媒体中的公开讲座和认知神经科学的本科课程着重于对社会许多方面的认知神经科学研究的相关性，包括教育，法律和医学。